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Title: Photo Identity Pictures Displayed In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A window box of identity card pictures is displayed in front of a photography store in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala, January 1, 1982. The United States provided extensive support to the Guatemalan military and police programs to establish a counterintelligence apparatus that monitored the activities of all civilians in the name of identifying subversives. This was especially effective in the capital, where the remaining urban insurgency was effectively forced out to the countryside by 1981. The U.S. programs of surveillance that were established in Guatemala as early as the 1950s provided the Guatemalan state ample ability to identify and eradicate its opposition throughout the armed conflict.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Daily life; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Foreign aid; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0058_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96783
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Pope John Paul ll Visits Guatemala City
Date: 1983-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An indigenous Maya woman prays during the open air mass by Pope John Paul ll in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 7, 1983. During his visit to Guatemala on a tour of Central America, the Pope condemned the ongoing violence and persecution of the country's indigenous Maya population. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. 83 percent of the victims were indigenous Maya people.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Pope John Paul II
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0099_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96948
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Reconstruction Of Bridge Destroyed By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents and members of civil defense patrols help reconstruct a bridge destroyed by guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, with Guatemalan army engineers in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. In the central highlands, the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were required to participate on public works projects as part of the Guatemalan Army's counterinsurgency plan to pacify the countryside.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0071_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96920
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Reconstruction Of Bridge Destroyed By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents and members of civil defense patrols help reconstruct a bridge destroyed by guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, with Guatemalan army engineers in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. In the central highlands, the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were required to participate on public works projects as part of the Guatemalan Army's counterinsurgency plan to pacify the countryside.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0079_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96928
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Reconstruction Of Bridge Destroyed By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents and members of civil defense patrols help reconstruct a bridge destroyed by guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, with Guatemalan army engineers in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. In the central highlands, the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were required to participate on public works projects as part of the Guatemalan Army's counterinsurgency plan to pacify the countryside.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0106_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96831
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Religious Festival In Chichicastenango, Guatemala
Date: 1982-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Indigenous Maya men and women kneel in prayer during a traditional Roman Catholic ceremony in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, May 1, 1982. Catholicism was introduced to Guatemala during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the following centuries, forced conversion and other methods to indoctrinate indigenous communities throughout the country into the Roman Catholic Church produced a syncretism of Catholicism and native Maya traditions.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Spanish colonization of the Americas; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Syncretism
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0062_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96911
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Religious Festival In Chichicastenango, Guatemala
Date: 1982-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An indigenous Maya man dressed as Spanish conquistador with a horse's head participates in a religious procession in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, May 1, 1982. Catholicism was introduced to Guatemala during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the following centuries, forced conversion and other methods to indoctrinate indigenous communities throughout the country into the Roman Catholic Church produced a syncretism of Catholicism and native Maya traditions.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Spanish colonization of the Americas; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Syncretism
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0063_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96912
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Religious Festival In Chichicastenango, Guatemala
Date: 1982-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of indigenous Maya men and women stand in front of a Roman Catholic church as they await the start of a religious procession in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, May 1, 1982. Catholicism was introduced to Guatemala during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the following centuries, forced conversion and other methods to indoctrinate indigenous communities throughout the country into the Roman Catholic Church produced a syncretism of Catholicism and native Maya traditions.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Spanish colonization of the Americas; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Syncretism
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0064_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96913
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Religious Festival In Chichicastenango, Guatemala
Date: 1982-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An indigenous Maya man dressed as Spanish conquistador with a horse's head participates in a religious procession in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, May 1, 1982. Catholicism was introduced to Guatemala during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the following centuries, forced conversion and other methods to indoctrinate indigenous communities throughout the country into the Roman Catholic Church produced a syncretism of Catholicism and native Maya traditions.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Spanish colonization of the Americas; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Syncretism
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0066_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96915
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Religious Festival In Chichicastenango, Guatemala
Date: 1982-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An indigenous Maya woman kneels in prayer during a traditional Roman Catholic mass in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, May 1, 1982. Catholicism was introduced to Guatemala during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the following centuries, forced conversion and other methods to indoctrinate indigenous communities throughout the country into the Roman Catholic Church produced a syncretism of Catholicism and native Maya traditions.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Spanish colonization of the Americas; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Syncretism
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0065_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96914
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Remains Of Nazi War Criminal Josef Mengele Found Near Sao Paulo, Brazil
Date: 1985-06-13
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Gitta Stammer (C) who sheltered Nazi war criminal Dr. Joseph Mengele being interviewed by the press about Mengele's supposed death in Sao Paolo, Brazil, June 13, 1985. Mengele experimented on concentration camp prisoners and sent thousands to their deaths. He fled to South America following the end of World War ll.
Subject: War Crimes; Genocide; World War ll; Nazism; South America; Criminal; Justice; Forensics
Country: Brazil
Local Identifier: brazil_ct_0089_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Remains Of Nazi War Criminal Josef Mengele Found Near Sao Paulo, Brazil
Date: 1985-06-13
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Gitta Stammer (C) who sheltered Nazi war criminal Dr. Joseph Mengele being interviewed by press about Mengele's supposed death in Sao Paolo, Brazil, June 13, 1985. Mengele experimented on concentration camp prisoners and sent thousands to their deaths. He fled to South America following the end of World War ll.
Subject: War Crimes; Genocide; World War ll; Nazism; South America; Criminal; Justice; Forensics
Country: Brazil
Local Identifier: brazil_ct_0090_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Three Maya Ixil siblings, Marcelina Cedillo Marcos, right, her sister, left, and their younger brother, Pedro Cedillo Marcos, center, sit for a picture in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. Nebaj forms part of the Ixil community along with neighboring towns San Juan Cotzal and San Gaspar Chajul in the Quiché department. From 1981 to 1983, the Ixil community was subject to the destruction of their villages and the murder and disappearance of thousands from the army's scorched earth campaigns, leading the United Nations-sponsored Historical Clarification Commission to determine the state's actions to be "acts of genocide against groups of Maya people".
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0006_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96729
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young Maya Ixil man sits for a picture in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The guerrilla organization Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, maintained a base of operations in the Ixil region during the armed conflict, and retaliation from the Guatemalan Armed Forces with an aggressive scorched-earth policy saw the destruction of villages and crops along with the mass murder and disappearance of Ixil civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0007_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96730
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young Maya Ixil girl wearing a traditional head dress, left, sits for a picture with her brother and sister in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. Nebaj forms part of the Ixil community along with neighboring towns San Juan Cotzal and San Gaspar Chajul in the Quiché department. From 1981 to 1983, the Ixil community was subject to the destruction of their villages and the murder and disappearance of thousands from the army's scorched earth campaigns, leading the United Nations-sponsored Historical Clarification Commission to determine the state's actions to be "acts of genocide against groups of Maya people".
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0008_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96731
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Maya Ixil woman wearing a traditional head dress sits for a picture in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. Nebaj forms part of the Ixil community along with neighboring towns San Juan Cotzal and San Gaspar Chajul in the Quiché department. From 1981 to 1983, the Ixil community was subject to the destruction of their villages and the murder and disappearance of thousands from the army's scorched earth campaigns, leading the United Nations-sponsored Historical Clarification Commission to determine the state's actions to be "acts of genocide against groups of Maya people".
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0009_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96732
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Maya Ixil man sits for a picture in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The guerrilla organization Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, maintained a base of operations in the Ixil region during the armed conflict, and retaliation from the Guatemalan Armed Forces with an aggressive scorched-earth policy saw the destruction of villages and crops along with the mass murder and disappearance of Ixil civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0010_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96733
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young Maya Ixil woman wears a traditional head dress as she works in an open air kitchen in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. Nebaj forms part of the Ixil community along with neighboring towns San Juan Cotzal and San Gaspar Chajul in the Quiché department. From 1981 to 1983, the Ixil community was subject to the destruction of their villages and the murder and disappearance of thousands from the army's scorched earth campaigns, leading the United Nations-sponsored Historical Clarification Commission to determine the state's actions to be "acts of genocide against groups of Maya people".
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0011_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96734
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Ana Raymundo Brito, center, 34 years, stands for a photograph with three of her 9 children in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. Nebaj forms part of the Ixil community along with neighboring towns San Juan Cotzal and San Gaspar Chajul in the Quiché department. From 1981 to 1983, the Ixil community was subject to the destruction of their villages and the murder and disappearance of thousands from the army's scorched earth campaigns, leading the United Nations-sponsored Historical Clarification Commission to determine the state's actions to be "acts of genocide against groups of Maya people".
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0012_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96735
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Maya Ixil woman wearing a traditional head dress sits for a picture in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. Nebaj forms part of the Ixil community along with neighboring towns San Juan Cotzal and San Gaspar Chajul in the Quiché department. From 1981 to 1983, the Ixil community was subject to the destruction of their villages and the murder and disappearance of thousands from the army's scorched earth campaigns, leading the United Nations-sponsored Historical Clarification Commission to determine the state's actions to be "acts of genocide against groups of Maya people".
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0025_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96748
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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