Search results

Title: Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0038_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96887
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0039_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96888
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0042_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96891
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Soldiers Detain A Suspect In Santa Cruz del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers direct a suspected leftist guerrilla into a building for interrogation in the military compound in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 1, 1982. Santa Cruz del Quiché was used as a base of operations for the Guatemalan military during the civil war to combat the leftist armed guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, also active in the region.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0036_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96761
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guevara Supporters Protest After Coup D'État In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-03-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilian supporters of president-elect Ángel Aníbal Guevara protest in the streets a day after a coup d'état successfully prevented Guevara from assuming power, Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 24, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the March 7th elections against Guevara, who was the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Elections; Coup d'état; Military; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0058_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96907
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: House Of Nazi War Criminal Josef Mengele In Brazil
Date: 1985-06-06
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local and foreign journalists observe the former house of Josef Mengele in Embu, Brazil on June 6, 1985. It is believed that notorious Nazi death-camp doctor Josef Mengele's bones were unearthed in a small cemetery in Brazil under a grave marker labeled Wolfgang Gerhard.
Subject: War Crimes; Genocide; World War ll; Nazism; South America; Criminal; Justice; Forensics
Country: Brazil
Local Identifier: brazil_ct_0105_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Indigenous Maya Women Speak Mam Next To A Roman Catholic Church In Rural Hueheuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Indigenous Maya women speak Mam as they sit next to a Roman Catholic church in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Mam peoples live primarily in the western highlands of Guatemala and southwestern Mexico. Catholicism was introduced to the region during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the following centuries, forced conversion and other methods to indoctrinate indigenous communities into the Roman Catholic Church produced a syncretism of Catholicism and native Maya traditions.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Daily life; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0087_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96936
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Internally Displaced Guatemalans Along Mexican Border
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Guatemalan laborer stands near his temporary home along the Guatemalan-Mexican border in northwest Guatemala, January 1, 1983. It is estimated that between 500,000 and 1,500,000 people were internally displaced or fled the country during the armed conflict. While a majority of internally displaced peoples, IDPs, returned to their homes shortly after they fled, a large number of IDPs remained displaced throughout Guatemala, with many emigrating to Mexico and the United States to seek asylum and work.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Refugees; Internally displaced person (IDP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0091_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96816
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Ixil Maya Religious Procession In Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Ixil Maya men leave the central plaza following a Roman Catholic church service in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The guerrilla organization Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, maintained a base of operations in the Ixil region during the armed conflict, and retaliation from the Guatemalan Armed Forces with an aggressive scorched-earth policy saw the destruction of villages and crops along with the mass murder and disappearance of Ixil civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP); Fernando Romeo Lucas García; Efraín Ríos Montt; Operation Sofía; Plan Victoria 82
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0114_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96963
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Kaibiles Unit Marches In Armed Forces Day Parade In Guatemala City
Date: 1981-06-30
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers from the Kaibiles unit, designated with maroon berets, march during a military parade for the annual Armed Forces Day in Guatemala City, Guatemala, June 30, 1981. The Kaibiles were formed in December of 1974 as a special operations wing of the Guatemalan Armed Forces. The commando unit was implicated in numerous human rights violations during the armed conflict, most notably the massacre of over 200 civilians in the village of Dos Erres in 1982, for which several Kaibiles soldiers were later tried and convicted in both United States and Guatemalan courts between 2011 and 2020. Since the UN-brokered peace accords in 1996, the army has refused to disband the Kaibiles despite objections from human rights and religious organizations. The current unit has now transitioned from an anti-guerrilla counterinsurgency focus towards anti-terrorism and anti-narcotics efforts.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgncy; Human rights violations; Military ceremonies; Kaibiles
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0002_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96966
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Leftist Graffiti At University Of San Carlos In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Graffiti in support of leftist insurgent groups and anti-government posters collect on a wall in the University of San Carlos campus in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 1, 1982. The university served as an active space of resistance throughout the domestic armed conflict, challenging the militarization and violence of the state and its U.S.-sponsored imperialistic policies. The Guatemalan government and its Western allies labeled all university protests as communist insurgency to justify the murders and forced disappearances of USAC students and faculty committed by the state.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Insurgency; Communism; Marxism-Leninism; State-sponsored violence; Desaparecidos; Cold War; Partido Guatemalteca del Trabajo (PGT); Frente Estudiantil Revolucionario Robín García (FERG)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0020_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96743
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Leftist Graffiti At University Of San Carlos In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Graffiti in support of leftist insurgent groups and anti-government posters collect on a wall in the University of San Carlos campus in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 1, 1982. The university served as an active space of resistance throughout the domestic armed conflict, challenging the militarization and violence of the state and its U.S.-sponsored imperialistic policies. The Guatemalan government and its Western allies labeled all university protests as communist insurgency to justify the murders and forced disappearances of USAC students and faculty committed by the state.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Insurgency; Communism; Marxism-Leninism; State-sponsored violence; Desaparecidos; Cold War; Partido Guatemalteca del Trabajo (PGT); Frente Estudiantil Revolucionario Robín García (FERG)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0022_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96745
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Leftist Graffiti At University Of San Carlos In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Graffiti in support of revolutionary leftist insurgent groups collect on a wall in the University of San Carlos campus in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 1, 1982. The university served as an active space of resistance throughout the domestic armed conflict, challenging the militarization and violence of the state and its U.S.-sponsored imperialistic policies. The Guatemalan government and its Western allies labeled all university protests as communist insurgency to justify the murders and forced disappearances of USAC students and faculty committed by the state.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Insurgency; Communism; Marxism-Leninism; State-sponsored violence; Desaparecidos; Cold War; Partido Guatemalteca del Trabajo (PGT); Frente Estudiantil Revolucionario Robín García (FERG)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0023_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96746
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local civil defense forces patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0070_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96919
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of a local civil defense force stands for a photograph in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0074_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96923
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local civil defense forces patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0077_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96926
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local civil defense forces patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0080_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96929
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of a local civil defense force shows off his rifle as men listen to a local official before heading out to patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0081_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96930
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of a civil defense force listen to a local official before heading out to patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0082_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96931
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An indigenous Maya woman stands in the back of a pickup truck at a civil defense patrol identity checkpoint in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. 83 percent of the victims were indigenous Maya people.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0084_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96933
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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