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Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In Sololá, Guatemala
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Indigenous Maya civilians stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections in Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0072_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96797
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In Sololá, Guatemala
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Indigenous Maya civilians stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections in Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0073_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96798
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In Sololá, Guatemala
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Indigenous Maya civilians stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections in Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0074_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96799
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In Sololá, Guatemala
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers oversee indigenous Maya civilians as they stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections, Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; Military; Counterinsurgency; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0047_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96896
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In Sololá, Guatemala
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers oversee indigenous Maya civilians as they stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections, Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; Military; Counterinsurgency; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0050_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96899
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabatoge Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0049_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96898
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0076_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96801
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0078_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96803
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0079_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96804
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0077_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96802
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0045_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96894
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0046_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96895
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0051_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96900
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0043_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96892
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Clearing The Road From Guerrilla Sabotage Before Elections
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers ride through a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, to block the road the day of the presidential elections. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was committed by government forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Politics; Elections; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0044_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96893
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Helicopter Gunners On Patrol
Date: 1982-01-21
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers prepare to fire on indigenous Maya civilians from a U.S.-made Bell helicopter flown by Guatemalan Army chief of staff Benedicto Lucas García near Los Encuentros, Guatemala, January 21, 1982. Lucas García claimed if the locals run from the helicopter, they must be guilty of being guerrillas. From 1981 to 1983, the Guatemalan military employed a counterinsurgency tactic known as scorched earth that holistically targeted the insurgent base through complete destruction of infrastructure and food supply, as well as the persecution of civilians suspected of aiding the guerrilla cause. This three-year period accounts for 81 percent of the violations reported by Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission in the 36-year conflict, with nearly half of all reported violations occurring during 1982.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Military aid; Benedicto Lucas García
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0042_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96767
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Helicopter Gunners On Patrol
Date: 1982-01-21
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers open fire on indigenous Maya civilians from a U.S.-made Bell helicopter flown by Guatemalan Army chief of staff Benedicto Lucas García near Los Encuentros, Guatemala, January 21, 1982. Lucas García claimed if the locals run from the helicopter, they must be guilty of being guerrillas. From 1981 to 1983, the Guatemalan military employed a counterinsurgency tactic known as scorched earth that holistically targeted the insurgent base through complete destruction of infrastructure and food supply, as well as the persecution of civilians suspected of aiding the guerrilla cause. This three-year period accounts for 81 percent of the violations reported by Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission in the 36-year conflict, with nearly half of all reported violations occurring during 1982.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Military aid; Benedicto Lucas García
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0043_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96768
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Helicopter Gunners On Patrol
Date: 1982-01-21
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers on air patrol in a U.S.-made Bell helicopter flown by Guatemalan Army chief of staff Benedicto Lucas García above the Pan American Highway near Los Encuentros, Guatemala, January 21, 1982. From 1981 to 1983, the Guatemalan military employed a counterinsurgency tactic known as scorched earth that holistically targeted the insurgent base through complete destruction of infrastructure and food supply, as well as the persecution of civilians suspected of aiding the guerrilla cause. This three-year period accounts for 81 percent of the violations reported by Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission in the 36 year conflict, with nearly half of all reported violations occurring during 1982.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Cold War; Benedicto Lucas García
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0022_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96871
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Presidential Campaign Of General Ángel Aníbal Guevara
Date: 1982-02-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A crowd listens to speeches from the military-backed civilian candidate General Ángel Aníbal Guevara during his presidential election campaign in Sololá, Guatemala, February 26, 1982. Handpicked to succeed outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García, Guevara was declared the winner of the election on March 7, 1982, which was then widely denounced as fraudulent. A military coup d'état on March 23, 1982 led by General Efraín Ríos Montt prevented him from assuming power.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Coup d'état; Military; Cold War
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0066_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96791
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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