Search results

Title: Salvadoran Treasury Police Head Nicolás Carranza
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Treasury Police Colonel Nicolás Carranza sits during a military ceremony at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Carranza worked with Roberto D’Aubuisson and José Guillermo García to establish the paramilitary network of death squads around the country in the late 1970s. As Vice Minister of Defense from 1979 to 1981 and head of the notorious Treasury Police in 1983, he exercised command over the forces responsible for widespread attacks on civilians. A paid CIA informant who received $90,000 annually to procure intelligence on the Salvadoran left, he resided in the United States from 1985 until his death in 2017. In 2015, Carranza was found guilty in United States Federal District Court for crimes against humanity, extrajudicial assassination, and torture.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Human rights violations; Death squads; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Roberto D’Aubuisson; José Guillermo García; Nicolás Carranza
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Nicolás Carranza
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0114_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96581
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Women File Cases For Disappeared Family Members To Human Rights Office
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: At the central office of the Salvadoran Human Rights Commission, a staff member, left, listens to women relay their cases regarding disappeared family members in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 10,000 people were forcibly disappeared from the years 1980 to 1992 in El Salvador. While the amnesty law passed after the signing of the peace accords guaranteed impunity for all individuals accused of grave crimes against humanity, including cases of disappeared people, efforts to locate and identify the missing continue as a significant element in the post-conflict process of national reconciliation.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Desaparecidos; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0226_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96354
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal After An Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A dirt road winds through the highlands of San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. The town was in turmoil after a battle between guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, and the Guatemalan Armed Forces. The EGP maintained a base of operations in the Ixil region during the armed conflict, and retaliation from the Guatemalan military with an aggressive scorched-earth policy saw the destruction of villages and crops along with the mass murder and disappearance of Ixil Maya civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0037_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96762
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal After An Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two young Maya Ixil women respond to questions from visiting media correspondents following an attack the night before by armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, on the Guatemalan Army's regional garrison in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. The indigenous locals expected the army soldiers to retaliate by killing the town's residents for collaborating with insurgents.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0040_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96765
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal After An Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two young Maya Ixil women retrieve water following an attack by armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, on the Guatemalan Army's regional garrison in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. The indigenous locals expected the army soldiers to retaliate by killing the town's residents for collaborating with insurgents.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Daily life; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0041_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96766
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal After An Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two young Maya Ixil women retrieve water following an attack by armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, on the Guatemalan Army's regional garrison in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. The indigenous locals expected the army soldiers to retaliate by killing the town's residents for collaborating with insurgents.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Daily life; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0024_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96873
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal After An Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two young Maya Ixil women respond to questions from visiting media correspondents following an attack the night before by armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, on the Guatemalan Army's regional garrison in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. The indigenous locals expected the army soldiers to retaliate by killing the town's residents for collaborating with insurgents.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Daily life; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0025_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96874
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal Military Garrison After Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers form patrols to search for armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, following a battle in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0038_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96763
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal Military Garrison After Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers move out in search of armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, who attacked the army base one day earlier in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0014_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96863
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal Military Garrison After Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers listen to orders before moving out in search of armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, who attacked the army base one day earlier in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0015_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96864
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal Military Garrison After Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers rest before moving out in search of armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, who attacked the army base one day earlier in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0017_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96866
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: San Juan Cotzal Military Garrison After Attack By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers form patrols to search for armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, following a battle in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0044_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96769
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Security Check In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A security officer in plainclothes and armed with a Galil assault rifle, right, searches a civilian in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. United States involvement in Guatemala began in 1954, when fears of communist influence on President Jacobo Árbenz led to a CIA-engineered coup d'état to install a military regime. In the 36-year civil war that followed, the United States, along with Israel and Argentina, consistently provided military aid and support for counterinsurgency campaigns despite Guatemala's abysmal human rights record.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0072_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96921
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Security Guard For Roberto D'Aubuisson In Volatile Suchitoto
Date: 1982-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A private security guard for Roberto D'Aubuisson, center, speaks with Salvadoran army soldiers about potential leftist guerrilla attacks in Suchitoto, El Salvador, March 1, 1982. D'Aubuisson founded the right-wing political party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, in 1980. He was known to have close ties to the death squads and had a reputation for extreme violence.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Death squads; Human rights violations; Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); Roberto D'Aubuisson
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0181_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96309
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: A Soldier Marches On The Road to Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion moves during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0096_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96224
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Suspected Guerrilla Executed and Left On A Path
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Residents look over the body of an executed man and suspected leftist guerrilla, left on a pathway in the city outskirts of San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0235_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96702
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Three-Man Junta Led By Ríos Montt At Press Conference Following Coup
Date: 1982-03-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The leaders of the three-man military junta General Horacio Maldonado Shaad, left, General Efraín Ríos Montt, center, and Colonel Francisco Luis Gordillo Martínez, right, sit during a press conference at the National Palace to announce a successful military coup d'état, Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 23, 1982. Ríos Montt soon appointed himself president and minister of defense, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, ushering in the most violent period of Guatemala's armed conflict. Ríos Montt has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018. Gordillo Martínez was sentenced to 33 years in prison on May 23, 2018 along with four other high-ranking military ex-officials for crimes against humanity and aggravated sexual assault against Emma Guadalupe Molina Theissen and for the forced disappearance of her 14 year-old brother, Marco Antonio Molina Theissen, in 1981.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; Military; United States foreign policy; Coup d'état; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt; Horacio Maldonado Shaad; Francisco Luis Gordillo Martínez
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Efraín Ríos Montt; Horacio Maldonado Shaad; Francisco Luis Gordillo Martínez
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0056_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96905
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Training El Salvador's Army In San Miguel, El Salvador
Date: 1983-08-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran Army soldier holds his certificate of training after completing a course taught by a US-trained Salvadoran Army officer in San Miguel, El Salvador on August 20, 1983.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0280_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Training El Salvador's Army In San Miguel, El Salvador
Date: 1983-08-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Army soldiers hold their certificates of training after completing a course taught by a US-trained Salvadoran Army officer in San Miguel, El Salvador on August 20, 1983.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0048_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Treasury Police In San Salvador
Date: 1982-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the Treasury Police march in formation inside their main garrison, San Salvador, El Salvador, July 1, 1982. The National Guard, the National Police, and the Treasury Police were dissolved and demobilized as a condition of the Chapultepec Peace Accords of 1992 for grave human rights violations committed before and during the twelve-year civil war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0032_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96499
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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