Search results

Title: 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
Date: 1984-04-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran man speaks about the finding of twelve local campesinos who were killed and thrown down a 180-foot well, bottom center, in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0304_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96432
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
Date: 1984-04-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran National Guardsman, right, speaks to the media, including radio reporter Edith Caron, left, about the killing of twelve local campesinos in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Edith Caron
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0305_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96433
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
Date: 1984-04-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A handcuffed Salvadoran man implicated in the killing of twelve local campesinos speaks to the media, including radio reporter Edith Caron, right, in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Edith Caron
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0303_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96431
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 12 Campesinos Were Thrown Down A Well and Killed By Local Death Squads
Date: 1984-04-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A crowd of local townspeople listen to a handcuffed Salvadoran man implicated in the killing of twelve local campesinos as he speaks to the media in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0306_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96434
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 1982 Coup Planner Captain Rodolfo Muñoz
Date: 1982-03-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A view of Captain Carlos Rodolfo Muñoz Piloña, center, as he walks down a hallway in the Guatemalan National Palace on March 23, 1982, after the military coup d'etat that installed General Ríos Montt into power. Captain Muñoz was the mastermind behind the military coup.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Cold War
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Rodolfo Muñoz Piloña
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0117_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
Date: 1984-03-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army soldier stands over a dead guerrilla from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberacion, FPL, killed in a battle in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. The Salvadoran army lost 57 soldiers in the battle while FPL guerrillas lost 16 when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0299_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96427
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
Date: 1984-03-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. FPL guerrillas lost 16 fighters when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0301_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96429
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
Date: 1984-03-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. FPL guerrillas lost 16 fighters when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0302_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96430
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
Date: 1984-03-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0054_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96182
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
Date: 1984-03-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0055_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96183
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
Date: 1984-03-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0056_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96184
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
Date: 1984-03-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Photographers record the aftermath of a battle while Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Media; Foreign correspondents
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roland Neveu; James Nachtwey
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0242_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96709
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Abandoned Cinquera Town In Cabañas Department
Date: 1984-09-08
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A deserted building lies in disrepair in Cinquera, Cabañas department, El Salvador, September 8, 1984. At the time the town was continuously changing hands between Salvadoran government soldiers and guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in a bitter war of attrition that marked the twelve-year conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0119_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96247
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Armed UH-1 Helicopter Lands in Central El Salvador
Date: 1984-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An armed UH-1 helicopter lands in an unidentified village in central El Salvador, September 1, 1984. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0209_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96676
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Army And Civil Defense Militia Fight Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier, left, and a member of a local civil defense militia, right, take cover in a neighborhood cemetery during a battle with guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. Civil defense units in El Salvador operated under military command and were complicit along with the Salvadoran National Guard in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0233_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96700
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Army Checkpoint In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers check bus passengers for weapons in Guatemala City, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Tighter security measures were being taken due to the upcoming presidential elections scheduled for March 7, 1982. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960-1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission determined 93 percent of the violence was perpetrated by the state.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Elections; Daily life; Counterinsurgency; State-sponsored violence
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0125_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96850
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Army Helicopter Resupply In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army helicopter lands with a supply of food during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0143_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96610
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Army Helicopter Resupply In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army helicopter lands with a supply of food during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0126_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96593
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion Advances In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion advances during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0133_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96261
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion Advances In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0261_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96389
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion Commander Lt. Col. Domingo Monterrosa In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with journalists at the military headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa's command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history. Monterrosa was killed by FMLN guerrillas in a helicopter explosion along with 13 other army officers on October 23, 1984.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0157_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96285
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion During Military Operation In San Miguel
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion are pictured on board a United States-supplied truck during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0132_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96599
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion During Military Operation In San Miguel
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion on the move during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0133_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96600
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Military Operation In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion wake in the early morning in fog-enveloped hills before moving into position against armed guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Counterinsurgency; Cold War; Insurgency; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0079_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96207
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In San Miguel
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran soldiers of the Atlacatl Battalion stop during a military operation in San Miguel, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0105_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96233
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In San Miguel
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran members of the Atlacatl battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0093_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96221
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In San Miguel
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion stands behind a U.S.-supplied .50 caliber machine gun as soldiers walk along a dirt road during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0123_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96590
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A wounded soldier, center, from the Atlacatl Battalion is evacuated by soldiers during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0003_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96131
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0138_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96605
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0144_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96611
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0125_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96592
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the Atlacatl Battalion stops during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0158_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96625
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0159_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96626
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0161_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96628
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0162_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96629
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the Atlacatl Battalion stops during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0168_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96635
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department, El Salvador
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, speaks with a junior officer, left, during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0250_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96378
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Search Of ERP Guerrillas In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, center, speaks on a military radio while searching for the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in a Salvadoran military operation with the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa's command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0251_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96379
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0307_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96435
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion moves along a dirt road during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0259_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96387
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion advances during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0262_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96390
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A wounded officer from the Atlacatl Battalion is evacuated by fellow soldiers during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0263_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96391
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0248_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96376
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0249_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96377
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With FMLN Propaganda Flyer
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army soldier with the counterinsurgency unit the Atlacatl Battalion holds a flyer from FMLN guerrillas calling for an end to state-sponsored violence in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Cold War; Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0134_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96601
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Detail of the hand of a Salvadoran army officer with his military academy ring at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0037_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96504
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A United States Army instructor, center right, inspects U.S.-made M-16 rifles during a training exercise at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Military training; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0038_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96505
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atonal Battalion In Usulután
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran officer, center, stands with two of his soldiers from the Atonal Battalion during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in rural Usulután department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Cold War; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0129_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96596
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Bodies Of Civil Defensemen Killed By FMLN Arrive In Guadalupe, El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-09
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents mourn as a truck carrying caskets of dead relatives arrives in Guadalupe, San Vicente department, El Salvador, May 9, 1983. The dead were members of a local civil defense force killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. Civil defense units in El Salvador were under military command and operated particularly in rural areas where guerrilla support was high.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0103_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96231
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured FPL Guerrilla Presented To Media
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, speaks to the media after he was captured by Salvadoran security forces near a FPL safe house containing weapons, explosives, medical supplies and pieces of guerrilla propaganda in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. FPL was comprised primarily of union workers, university students, and social Christian groups and was one of five organizations within the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Insurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0151_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96618
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured FPL Guerrilla Presented To Media
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, speaks to the media after he was captured by Salvadoran security forces near a FPL safe house containing weapons, explosives, medical supplies and pieces of guerrilla propaganda in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. FPL was comprised primarily of union workers, university students, and social Christian groups and was one of five organizations within the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Insurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0153_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96620
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of international journalists are shown captured weapons from a guerrilla safe house found by the Guatemalan Army in the regional military garrison run by Colonel Byron Lima Estrada in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns against the Maya population in the highlands. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which remains one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0070_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96795
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of a cache of weapons and propaganda materials recently seized by the military from a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. The EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. The EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0029_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96878
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of a cache of weapons and propaganda materials recently seized by the military from a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house with General Benedicto Lucas García, far right, at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. The EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. The EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Benedicto Lucas García
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Benedicto Lucas García
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0030_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96879
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, center, shows a group of international journalists a cache of weapons recently found by the military in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns in the 1980s. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which is considered one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); School of the Americas (SOA); Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0036_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96885
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of international journalists are shown a cache of weapons recently found by the military in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house with General Benedicto Lucas García, far right, at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, the Santa Cruz del Quiché garrison commander, center, observes the guerrilla equipment. In 1981 the military regime and the Guatemalan army initiated a brutal counterinsurgency program of scorched earth tactics to consolidate control over civilians and counteract the influence of the guerrilla insurgency. The genocidal policies enacted by President Fernando Romeo Lucas García and later by Efraín Ríos Montt were also intended to eradicate the culture and identity of the indigenous population. For his role as army general in the internal armed conflict, General Benedicto Lucas García was sentenced on May 23, 2018 to 58 years in prison for crimes against humanity, aggravated sexual violence, and enforced disappearance. Col. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which is considered one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Benedicto Lucas García; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Benedicto Lucas García; Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0037_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96886
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Guatemalan army soldier looks over a cache of weapons recently found by the military in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. The EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. The EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0041_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96890
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, center right, the commander of the Quiché department army garrison, looks over captured weapons and explosives found in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house outside of Santa Cruz del Quiche, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Lima Estrada received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, he served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns in the 1980s. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which is considered one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Cold War; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0035_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96884
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of international journalists are shown captured weapons from a guerrilla safe house found by the Guatemalan Army in the regional military garrison run by Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, left, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns against the Maya population in the highlands. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which remains one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0064_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96789
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Members Of ORDEN, A Right Wing Paramilitary Unit In Chalatenango Department
Date: 1981-02-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Leftist guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, interrogate a family member involved in the paramilitary group Organización Democrática Nacionalista, National Democratic Organization, ORDEN, seated left, after a takeover of a nearby village in Santa Anita, El Salvador, February 22, 1981. ORDEN was established in the late 1960s with support from the United States Army Special Forces by General José Alberto Medrano, known as the father of Salvadoran counterinsurgency. ORDEN, along with the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, widely considered to be the origin of the death squads, were employed by the military to infiltrate and terrorize rural populations considered subversive to the regime. Although ORDEN was nominally disbanded in 1979, many of its members were folded into civil defense units who continued to use extrajudicial violence and torture to repress the civilian population throughout the armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Death squads; Human rights violations; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Organización Democrática Nacionalista (ORDEN); Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña (ANSESAL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0098_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96226
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Members Of ORDEN, A Right Wing Paramilitary Unit In Chalatenango Department
Date: 1981-02-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Leftist guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, interrogate a family member involved in the paramilitary group Organización Democrática Nacionalista, National Democratic Organization, ORDEN, seated center right, after a takeover of a nearby village in Santa Anita, El Salvador, February 22, 1981. ORDEN was established in the late 1960s with support from the United States Army Special Forces by General José Alberto Medrano, known as the father of Salvadoran counterinsurgency. ORDEN, along with the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, widely considered to be the origin of the death squads, were employed by the military to infiltrate and terrorize rural populations considered subversive to the regime. Although ORDEN was nominally disbanded in 1979, many of its members were folded into civil defense units who continued to use extrajudicial violence and torture to repress the civilian population throughout the armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Death squads; Human rights violations; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Organización Democrática Nacionalista (ORDEN); Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña (ANSESAL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0091_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96219
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civil Defense Units In Rural San Vicente Department
Date: 1982-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Three Salvadoran civil defensemen stand near their fortified position in a village on the outskirts of San Vicente, El Salvador, March 1, 1982. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the authoritarian state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. It is reported that the civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0147_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96275
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Checked By Guatemalan Army In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A civilian is checked for weapons by Guatemalan army soldiers outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1981 the Lucas García military regime and the Guatemalan army initiated a brutal counterinsurgency program of scorched earth tactics to consolidate control over civilians and counteract the influence of the guerrilla insurgency. The genocidal policies enacted by Lucas García and later by Ríos Montt were also intended to eradicate the culture and identity of the indigenous population.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Daily life
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0065_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96790
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Dies In Cross Fire Between FMLN Guerrillas And Government Security Forces
Date: 1984-10-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The body of a dead Salvadoran civilian is taken away in a vehicle after a previous day's firefight between members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and Salvadoran security troops in San Salvador, El Salvador, October 24, 1984. The man was leaving work for his home in a government housing project. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Civilian casualties; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0032_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96160
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance during a military operation in pursuit of FMLN guerrillas in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0264_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96392
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0267_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96395
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the FMLN guerrilla coalition. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0049_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96177
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0273_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96466
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the FMLN guerrilla coalition. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0163_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96630
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians In Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel Department
Date: 1984-10-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young boy sits in a home in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel department, El Salvador, October 23, 1984. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The possibility of a negotiated settlement between the groups was visible as early as 1981, but the United States consistently discouraged the army from negotiating with the guerrillas. Only after a decade of inconclusive combat was Washington willing to acknowledge that military victory was unattainable, and the diplomatic solutions settled in the 1992 peace accords were not fundamentally different from the ones the army had resisted for years.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Communism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0030_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96158
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In Sololá, Guatemala
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers oversee indigenous Maya civilians as they stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections, Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; Military; Counterinsurgency; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0047_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96896
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In Sololá, Guatemala
Date: 1982-03-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army soldiers oversee indigenous Maya civilians as they stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections, Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor to outgoing president Fernando Romeo Lucas García. When Guevara was declared the winner, all opposition candidates protested electoral fraud. Two weeks later on March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt led a three-man military junta in a coup d'état and all cabinet ministers were replaced.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; Military; Counterinsurgency; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Ángel Aníbal Guevara; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0050_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96899
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Col. Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez In Department Of Cabañas
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2, points to a map describing FMLN guerrilla movement and infiltration routes at the military headquarters in Sensuntepeque, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa's command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0152_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96280
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Col. Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez In Department Of Cabañas
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2, stands in a hallway at the military headquarters in Sensuntepeque, Cabañas department, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa’s command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0043_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96510
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada Consoloes A Wounded Soldier In Santa Cruz Del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, left, consoles a wounded soldier brought for medical aid to the army base in the central highlands after a battle with guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base in San Juan Cotzal leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0020_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96869
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada Meets A Wounded Soldier In Santa Cruz Del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, left, meets a wounded soldier brought for medical aid to the army base in the central highlands after a battle with guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base in San Juan Cotzal leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0019_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96868
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez Speaks In Sesuntepeque, Cabañas
Date: 1984-09-30
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, former commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2 and current head of the Fourth Brigade, speaks at a public gathering in Sensuntepeque, El Salvador, September 30, 1984. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa's command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0120_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96248
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on a dirt road after being killed during a Salvadoran army operation in San Miguel department, September 1, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Counterinsurgency; Military; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0100_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96228
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Larry Price, photographer with the Philadelphia Enquirer, takes a picture of a dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, killed during a Salvadoran army operation in San Miguel department, September 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Larry Price
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0080_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96208
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on a dirt road after a military operation by the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0164_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96631
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on a dirt road after a military operation by the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0165_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96632
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier with the Atlacatl Battalion looks over the body of a dead guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, killed during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0166_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96633
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier with the Atlacatl Battalion removes the weapons belt of a dead guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, killed during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0167_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96634
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: A Dead Guatemalan Army Soldier Is Unloaded In Santa Cruz del Quiché Army Base
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers unload a dead combatant from a helicopter at an army base in the central highlands after a battle with guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base in San Juan Cotzal leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0013_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96862
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: A Dead Guatemalan Army Soldier Is Unloaded In Santa Cruz del Quiché Army Base
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers transfer a dead soldier from a helicopter to a stretcher at an army base in the central highlands after a battle with guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base in San Juan Cotzal leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0016_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96865
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: A Dead Guatemalan Army Soldier Is Unloaded In Santa Cruz del Quiché Army Base
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers transfer a dead soldier from a helicopter to a stretcher at an army base in the central highlands after a battle with guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base in San Juan Cotzal leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0018_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96867
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead Salvadoran Army Soldier At The Military Hospital Morgue
Date: 1984-09-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army medical officer examines the dead body of a mortally wounded army soldier at the morgue of the military hospital in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 26, 1984. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0019_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96147
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Deane Hinton and Colonel John D. Waghelstein At Ilopango Airport
Date: 1983-05-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States Ambassador to El Salvador Deane Hinton, center, and U.S. military advisor Colonel John D. Waghelstein, right, stand with others at the Ilopango Airport in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 26, 1983. The group was waiting for the body of the assassinated U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Albert Schaufelberger III to be loaded onto a military cargo for a flight to the United States. Schaufelberger was the senior U.S. Naval representative and security chief for the 55 U.S. Military Advisors in El Salvador from August 1982 until he was killed in San Salvador on May 25, 1983. He was the first U.S. serviceman killed in the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Cold War; Deane Hinton; Albert Schaufelberger
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Deane Hinton; John D. Waghelstein
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0116_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96583
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Of Salvadoran Army Soldiers In Morazán
Date: 1983-10-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran woman stands outside a military hospital hoping to see her husband, Juan Pablo Rivas, who was reportedly killed along with 13 other army soldiers in a helicopter explosion over the Morazán department, El Salvador, October 24, 1983. Among those killed were Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa and other field commanders of high rank. FMLN guerrillas led by Joaquín Villalobos, who had previously denounced Monterrosa and his command authority over the Atlacatl Battalion for carrying out the December 1981 civilian massacre in El Mozote, claimed responsibility for the helicopter crash.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Military aid; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Joaquín Villalobos
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0113_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96241
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Destroyed Bridge In Central El Salvador
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians observe a collapsed bridge recently destroyed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in central El Salvador, June 1, 1983. By 1981, the FMLN guerrillas had launched a tremendously successful campaign against economic infrastructure with the destruction of major bridges, which affected the country’s export economy and reduced the mobility of the Salvadoran Armed Forces and paramilitary forces.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Guerrilla warfare; Counterinsurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Economy; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0118_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96585
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dutch Human Rights Investigative Team Leaving Camino Real Hotel In San Salvador
Date: 1982-03-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of human rights investigators from Holland leave the El Camino Real Hotel in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 22, 1982. The group came to investigate the death of four Dutch journalists shot and killed by Salvadoran security forces while they were pursuing an interview with leftist guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in the Chalatenango department. The Salvadoran government and the United States embassy in El Salvador denied knowledge of the ambush, claiming that the journalists were caught in an ongoing firefight between guerrilla soldiers and the military. This fact was later refuted with witness testimony in the 1993 publication of the United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Military; Counterinsurgency; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0164_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96292
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: EGP Guerrillas Attack San Juan Cotzal Military Base
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers patrol the streets following a battle the previous day between leftist guerrillas from the Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, and the Guatemalan Armed Forces in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0032_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96757
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: EGP Guerrillas Attack San Juan Cotzal Military Base
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers patrol the streets following a battle the previous day between leftist guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, and the Guatemalan Armed Forces in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0033_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96758
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, prepares a recoilless rifle weapon during a firefight with government security forces in Santa Rosa de Lima, eastern El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The ERP were considered the most militarily powerful of the guerrilla factions that constituted the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0098_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96565
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, fire weapons around the corner of a cinder block house as they fight government security forces in Santa Rosa de Lima, eastern El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The ERP were considered the most militarily powerful of the guerrilla factions that constituted the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0099_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96566
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An unidentified Salvadoran guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, stands on the steps of a brick building in Santa Rosa de Lima, eastern El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0101_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96568
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In Jucuarán, El Salvador
Date: 1983-11-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, watch a low-flying military observation plane in Jucuarán, El Salvador, November 20, 1983. Salvadoran guerrilla organizations formed in the early 1970s and received broad support particularly among the rural sectors of the population as a consequence of increased state repression and exclusion from political participation. The ERP merged with four other groups in October of 1980 to form the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, with the primary demands of dissolving the army and paramilitary security forces and establishing effective national agrarian reform.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Socialism; Military; Counterinsurgency; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0069_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96197
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Prisoner Held By Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-12-16
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, left, is guarded by a soldier from the Salvadoran army in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel department, El Salvador, December 16, 1983. The ERP prisoner was captured during a military operation by the Atlacatl Battalion in the coffee producing hills of the San Miguel department and claimed he was forced into joining the leftist guerrilla group.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Counterinsurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0283_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96411
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Escort Of The Body Of U.S. Navy Lt. Commander Albert Schaufelberger III
Date: 1983-05-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States military officers including Colonel John D. Waghelstein, fourth in middle row, and U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador Deane Hinton, third in right row, walk a casket with the body of U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Albert Schaufelberger III to be loaded onto a military plane to the United States, Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, May 26, 1983. Schaufelberger was the senior U.S. Naval representative and security chief for the 55 U.S. Military Advisors in the country from August 1982 until he was killed in San Salvador on May 25, 1983. He was the first U.S. serviceman killed in the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Cold War; Deane Hinton
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Deane Hinton; John D. Waghelstein
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0117_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96584
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Explosion At National Congress Building In Guatemala City
Date: 1981-12-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Firemen and rescue workers look over the entrance to the National Congress Building destroyed in a bomb explosion in Guatemala City, Guatemala, December 1, 1981. Leftist guerrillas claimed responsibility for the bomb blast. By early 1982, the urban insurgency in Guatemala City would be almost completely eradicated by government security forces and paramilitary forces.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Guerrilla warfare; Cold War
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0017_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96740
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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