Search results

Title: General Bustillo Award US Advisors
Date: 1983-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Air Force General Juan Rafael Bustillo, left, pins a medal onto the chest of a United States Army military advisor during a graduation ceremony for a Salvadoran battalion at Ilopango military air base, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 1, 1983. On January 29, 2020, the U.S. State Department officially designated thirteen former members of the Salvadoran military—including Bustillo—as gross human rights violators for their involvement in the extrajudicial killing of six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper, and her daughter at the University of Central America, UCA, on November 16, 1989. The deaths marked a turning point in the decade-long U.S. support for the military in El Salvador’s civil war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military ceremonies; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Human rights violations; Juan Rafael Bustillo
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Juan Rafael Bustillo
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0023_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96490
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova Attends A Military Ceremony In San Salvador
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova salutes during a military ceremony in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. Vides Casanova was head of the Salvadoran National Guard between 1979 and 1983 and served as Minister of Defense from 1983 to 1989. After a 15-year legal battle, he was found guilty in the United States by his command responsibility over Salvadoran security forces for acts of torture and extrajudicial killings, including the brutal slaying of four U.S. nuns in 1980. On April 8, 2015, U.S. immigration officials deported Vides Casanova to El Salvador from the United States, where he had resided as a legal permanent resident since 1989.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Military; Military ceremonies; Deportation; Trials; Impunity; Military aid; Justice; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0207_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96674
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Efraín Ríos Montt At Press Conference Following His Coup D'État
Date: 1982-03-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Portrait of General Efraín Ríos Montt during a press conference at the National Palace to announce his successful military coup d'état, Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 23, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the 36-year internal armed conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Coup d'état; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Efraín Ríos Montt
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0057_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96906
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Efraín Ríos Montt At Press Conference Following His Coup D'État
Date: 1982-03-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: General Efraín Ríos Montt, center, stands with army soldiers during a press conference following his successful coup d'état at the National Palace in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 23, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the 36-year internal armed conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; Military; United States foreign policy; Coup d'état; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Efraín Ríos Montt
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0054_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96903
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General García & US Congressional Delegation
Date: 1983-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, second left, along with members of a U.S. congressional delegation, speaks at a press conference in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 1, 1983. Pictured from left are U.S. representative Bill Richardson, General García, and U.S. representatives Jim Oberstar (1934-2014) and James Jeffords (1934-2014) with John McAward from the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. The conference was called to address the Salvadoran Air Force's admission that it used napalm purchased from Israel against insurgents and civilians in the country's ongoing civil war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Arms trade; United States foreign policy; José Guillermo García
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Bill Richardson; José Guillermo García; Jim Oberstar; James Jeffords; John McAward
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0257_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96724
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Ríos Montt And His Wife In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: General Efraín Ríos Montt, center, attends a formal dinner with his wife, María Teresa Sosa Ávila, right, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Ríos Montt assumed control through a military coup d’état on March 23, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country’s Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; Coup d'état; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Efraín Ríos Montt; María Teresa Sosa Ávila
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0090_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96815
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Ríos Montt Arrives During A Ceremony At The National Palace In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-10-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: General Efraín Ríos Montt, center, arrives for a ceremony at the National Palace in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. Ríos Montt assumed control through a military coup d'état on March 23, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Efraín Ríos Montt
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0103_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96828
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Vides Casanova Toasts Outgoing U.S. Col. Waghelstein In San Salvador
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, left, toasts U.S. Army Colonel John D. Waghelstein, right, as deputy chief of mission at the U.S. Embassy in El Salvador Kenneth W. Bleakley, center, oversees a ceremony honoring Col. Waghelstein prior to his departure from the country, San Salvador, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. As Chief of the U.S. Military Group in El Salvador, Waghelstein held command over the U.S. advisors stationed in the country and was one of the army's leading experts on counterinsurgency warfare.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: John D. Waghelstein; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; Kenneth W. Bleakley
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0121_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96588
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Chief Of Staff General Benedicto Lucas García In Santa Cruz Del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Army chief of staff General Benedicto Lucas García stands in front of the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 1, 1982. President Romeo Lucas García appointed his brother Benedicto Lucas García as chief of the General Staff of the Guatemalan Army in August of 1981 in response to the growing threat of insurgency to the military regime. Benedicto Lucas García was trained in irregular warfare and counterinsurgency at the controversial School of the Americas, SOA, and executed the military's scorched earth campaigns against the civilian Maya population. He was sentenced along with four other Guatemalan ex-officials on May 23, 2018 to 58 years in prison for crimes against humanity and aggravated sexual assault against Emma Guadalupe Molina Theissen and for the forced disappearance of her 14 year-old brother, Marco Antonio Molina Theissen, in 1981. Lucas García is currently on trial in Guatemala in a separate case of genocide, crimes against humanity, and forced disappearance of the Maya Ixil population while he was chief of the General Staff of the Guatemalan Army from 1981 to 1982.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; School of the Americas; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Cold War; Benedicto Lucas Garcia
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Benedicto Lucas García
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0039_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96764
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0032_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96881
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0038_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96887
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0039_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96888
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0042_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96891
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: José Napoleón Duarte After 1982 Election
Date: 1982-03-28
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: President of the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta, JRG, José Napoleón Duarte addresses a press conference following the presidential election in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1982. National elections were called to transition power from the JRG to a provisional civilian president. The Constituent Assembly elected Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja to succeed Duarte on May 2, 1982.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC); José Napoleón Duarte; Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno (JRG); Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: José Napoleón Duarte
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0052_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96180
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: José Napoleón Duarte After 1982 Election
Date: 1982-03-28
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: President of the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta, JRG, José Napoleón Duarte addresses a press conference following the presidential election in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1982. National elections were called to transition power from the JRG to a provisional civilian president. The Constituent Assembly elected Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja to succeed Duarte on May 2, 1982.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC); José Napoleón Duarte; Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno (JRG); Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: José Napoleón Duarte
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0053_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96181
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Journalists In San Vicente, El Salvador
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Three journalists working for international media, UPI reporter Michael Drudge, left, UPI photographer Ivan Montecinos, center, and Newsweek photographer John Hoagland, right, stand for a photograph in San Vicente, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. The three journalists were reporting on recent programs by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in San Vicente.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Michael Drudge; Ivan Montecinos; John Hoagland
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0207_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96335
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Judge Bernardo Rauda Murcia
Date: 1984-05-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Judge Bernardo Rauda Murcia sits during an interview a day after convicting five former members of El Salvador's National Guard for the murders in December of 1980 of four United States churchwomen, Zacatecoluca, El Salvador, May 26, 1984. The trial was the first time in Salvadoran judicial history that a jury had convicted a member of the armed forces for a politically-motivated slaying. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid, which helped sustain support for the investigation and conviction of the five guardsmen. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have "assisted or otherwise participated in" attempts to cover up the killings.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Human rights violations; Trials; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Cold War; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Guillermo García
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Judge Bernardo Rauda Murcia
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0005_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96133
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Laborers And USAID In Berlin, El Salvador
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of laborers and their families gather to receive food allotments as part of a work-for-pay-and-food construction program sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in Berlin, Usulután department, El Salvador, April 1983. USAID efforts in El Salvador were dramatically shaped by U.S. geopolitical concerns during the Cold War. Social and economic programs served as both humanitarian relief and a counterinsurgency strategy of pacification that was refined from its previous employment during the Vietnam War.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; Development; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0077_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96544
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Photographer In Rural Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A local photographer prepares to take a picture in a rural town in Huehuetenango department, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Daily life; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0094_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96943
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Lt. Col. Domingo Monterrosa With The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, speaks with one of his junior officers, left, as soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion pursue guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa’s command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0124_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96591
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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