Search results

Title: Lt. Col. Domingo Monterrosa With The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, speaks with one of his junior officers, left, as soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion pursue guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa’s command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0124_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96591
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Lt. Col. Domingo Monterrosa With The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, second left, confers with soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa’s command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War; School of the Americas; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0160_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96627
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Lt. Colonel Monterrosa Consults Map During Atlacatl Battalion Operation
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa (1940-1984), commander of the Atlacatl Battalion, consults a map during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa was killed in a helicopter explosion along with 13 other army soldiers while they were retrieving a booby trapped FMLN radio transmitter in Joateca, Morazán department, October 24, 1984. FMLN guerrillas led by Joaquín Villalobos, who had previously denounced Monterrosa and his command authority over the Atlacatl Battalion for carrying out the December 1981 civilian massacre in El Mozote, claimed responsibility for the helicopter crash.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Domingo Monterrosa; Joaquín Villalobos
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0130_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96597
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Lt. Colonel Monterrosa Consults Map During Atlacatl Battalion Operation
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa (1940-1984), commander of the Atlacatl Battalion, consults a map during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa was killed in a helicopter explosion along with 13 other army soldiers while they were retrieving a booby trapped FMLN radio transmitter in Joateca, Morazán department, October 24, 1984. FMLN guerrillas led by Joaquín Villalobos, who had previously denounced Monterrosa and his command authority over the Atlacatl Battalion for carrying out the December 1981 civilian massacre in El Mozote, claimed responsibility for the helicopter crash.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Domingo Monterrosa; Joaquín Villalobos
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0131_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96598
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Lt. Commander Albert Schaufelberger In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-18
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States Navy Lieutenant Commander Albert Schaufelberger, 34 years, speaks to the media while visiting the Salvadoran naval base in La Unión, El Salvador, May 18, 1983. Schaufelberger was assassinated by leftist insurgents days later near the Central American University in San Salvador, El Salvador on May 25, 1983. Schaufelberger was the senior U.S. Naval representative and security chief for the 55 U.S. Military Advisors in the country. He was the first U.S. serviceman killed in the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Albert Schaufelberger
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Albert Schaufelberger
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0083_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96211
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Lt. Commander Albert Schaufelberger In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-18
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States Navy Lieutenant Commander Albert Schaufelberger, 34 years, speaks to the media while visiting the Salvadoran naval base in La Unión, El Salvador, May 18, 1983. Schaufelberger was assassinated by leftist insurgents days later near the Central American University in San Salvador, El Salvador on May 25, 1983. Schaufelberger was the senior U.S. Naval representative and security chief for the 55 U.S. Military Advisors in the country. He was the first U.S. serviceman killed in the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Albert Schaufelberger
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Albert Schaufelberger
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0084_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96212
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Lt. Commander Albert Schaufelberger lll In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States Navy Lieutenant Commander Albert Schaufelberger, 34 years, speaks to the media while visiting the Salvadoran naval base in La Unión, El Salvador, May 18, 1983. Schaufelberger was assassinated days later near the Central American University in San Salvador, El Salvador on May 25, 1983. Schaufelberger was the senior U.S. Naval representative and security chief for the 55 U.S. Military Advisors in the country. He was the first U.S. serviceman killed in the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Albert Schaufelberger
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Albert Schaufelberger
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0206_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96673
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Memorial Service For U.S. Churchwomen Killings
Date: 1983-12-02
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An unidentified member of the United States clergy offers communion on the third anniversary of the killing of four U.S. churchwomen in La Libertad, El Salvador, December 2, 1983. On December 2, 1980, Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline nun Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan were abducted, sexually abused, and executed near the airport in San Salvador by soldiers of the National Guard. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have “assisted or otherwise participated in” attempts to cover up the killings.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Human rights violations; Trials; Religion; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Guillermo García
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0179_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96646
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Memorial Service For U.S. Churchwomen Killings
Date: 1983-12-02
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An unidentified member of the United States clergy addresses a memorial service on the third anniversary of the killing of four U.S. churchwomen in La Libertad, El Salvador, December 2, 1983. On December 2, 1980, Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline nun Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan were abducted, sexually abused, and executed near the airport in San Salvador by soldiers of the National Guard. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have “assisted or otherwise participated in” attempts to cover up the killings.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Human rights violations; Trials; Religion; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Guillermo García
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0178_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96645
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Monterrosa In Joateca, Morazán Department, An ERP Stronghold
Date: 1984-10-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The Atlacatl Battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, hands a new soccer ball to local children in Joateca, Morazán department, El Salvador, October 22, 1984. By 1983, United States military advisors in El Salvador had implemented a counterinsurgency strategy of 'low-intensity conflict' with an emphasis on winning the hearts and minds of the population through civic action and psychological warfare. This pacification plan was modeled after the Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) program instituted in South Vietnam in the late 1960s. Domingo Monterrosa was killed the following day in a helicopter explosion. FMLN guerrillas led by Joaquín Villalobos, who had previously denounced Monterrosa for his command authority over the December 1980 civilian massacre in El Mozote, claimed responsibility for the helicopter crash.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Psychological warfare; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Cold War; Domingo Monterrosa; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0020_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96148
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Monterrosa With The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The commanding officer of the Atlacatl Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, left, questions a local resident, center, as soldiers advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict. The UN Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in El Mozote in 1981, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; School of the Americas; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0002_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96130
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Portrait Of A Girl In Berlin, El Salvador
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of a young girl amongst a group of laborers and their families gathered to receive food allotments as part of a work-for-pay-and-food construction program, Berlin, Usulután department, El Salvador, April 1983. The program was sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; Development; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0076_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96543
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Portrait Of Salvadoran President Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Close-up of Salvadoran President Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja (1925-2001) in his home in San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. Magaña was appointed provisional president in March of 1982 by the Legislative Assembly and was seen by many as a compromise choice between the interests of the Salvadoran economic and military elite and those of the United States.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Cold war; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Government; Politics; Oligarchy
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0261_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96728
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Post Presidential Press Conference With President José Napoleón Duarte
Date: 1984-05-12
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: International and Salvadoran media attend a press conference given by the newly-elected President José Napoleón Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, Christian Democratic Party, PDC, in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 12, 1984. Duarte was officially declared the winner after a second run-off election between the PDC and the right-wing party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, Nationalist Republican Alliance, ARENA. The PDC victory can be largely attributed to the more than $3 million in aid provided by the C.I.A. to finance the elections in an effort to produce a moderate reformist government compliant with Washington's demands.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Foreign correspondents; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC); Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); José Napoleón Duarte
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0094_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96222
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: President José Napolean Duarte After 1984 Election
Date: 1984-03-28
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: José Napoleón Duarte addresses a press conference following the national presidential elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1984. Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, Christian Democratic Party, PDC, was officially declared the winner after a second run-off election that ended on May 12, 1984. This victory can be largely attributed to the more than $3 million in aid, both overt and covert, provided by the United States to finance the elections in an effort to produce a moderate reformist government compliant with Washington's interests.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC); José Napoleón Duarte
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: José Napoleón Duarte
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0308_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96436
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Press Conference Following Death Of Army Officers In Morazán Including Lt. Col. Domingo Monterrosa
Date: 1984-10-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The spokesman for the Salvadoran military, Lieutenant Colonel Ricardo Cienfuegos, right, speaks to local and foreign journalists regarding the death of 14 Salvadoran army officers and soldiers in a helicopter explosion the previous day in eastern Morazán department, in San Salvador, El Salvador, October 24, 1984. Among the dead was Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, the notorious commander of the U.S.-trained Atlacatl Battalion. FMLN guerrillas led by Joaquín Villalobos, who had previously denounced Monterrosa for his command authority over the December 1981 civilian massacre in El Mozote, claimed responsibility for the helicopter crash.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Psychological warfare; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Cold War; Human rights violations; Domingo Monterrosa; Joaquín Villalobos; Ricardo Cienfuegos; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Ricardo Cienfuegos
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0023_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96151
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Richard Stone Arrives At Ilopango Airport
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: U.S. Special Envoy to Central America Richard Stone, center blue shirt, steps off a plane after arriving at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Appointed by President Reagan for the role of special envoy in 1983, Stone was responsible for heading a new ‘public diplomacy’ operation to sell the administration’s Central American policy. Considered the last major battle of the Cold War, the Central American conflicts drew significant attention from Washington, with officials frequently visiting the region to assess strategies as well as encourage the doctrines of military victory and democracy building.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Media; Foreign correspondents; Politics; Military aid
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Richard Stone; Donald Hamilton
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0128_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96595
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Rural Land Distribution In San Vicente Department
Date: 1983-06-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran husband and wife couple stand on their deeded farmland in San Vicente department, El Salvador, June 26, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously implemented in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Cold War; United States foreign policy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0235_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96363
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Air Force Helicopter Flies Near San Vicente Volcano
Date: 1984-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran Air Force door gunner watches the terrain below while on patrol near the San Vicente volcano in central San Vicente department, El Salvador, September 1, 1984. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0208_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96675
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Air Force UH-1 Helicopter Flies Over Rio Lempa
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran Air Force door gunner watches the terrain below while flying in a United States-made Bell UH-1 helicopter gunship over the Rio Lempa district in northern El Salvador, January 1, 1983. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0310_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96438
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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