Search results

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer, center, speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0078_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96927
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer, center, speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0083_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96932
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer, left, speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0088_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96937
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0075_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96924
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0092_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96817
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer, right, speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0093_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96818
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0094_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96819
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer, left, speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0099_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96824
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Military Shows Leftist Guerrilla Banners Found In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents watch as Guatemalan army soldiers show captured banners made by militant guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Psychological warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0073_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96922
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Military Shows Leftist Guerrilla Banners Found In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents watch as Guatemalan army soldiers show captured banners made by militant guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Psychological warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0076_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96925
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Military Shows Leftist Guerrilla Banners Found In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents watch as Guatemalan army soldiers show captured banners made by militant guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Psychological warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0095_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96820
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Military Shows Leftist Guerrilla Banners Found In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents watch as Guatemalan army soldiers show captured banners made by militant guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Psychological warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0096_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96821
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Military Shows Leftist Guerrilla Banners Found In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents watch as Guatemalan army soldiers show captured banners made by militant guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The brutality and escalation in violence by state military forces led EGP to join the Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT, and Organización Revolucionario del Pueblo en Armas, Revolutionary Organization of People in Arms, ORPA, to establish the guerrilla coalition Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca, Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, URNG, in February of 1982. URNG and the Guatemalan government signed the UN-brokered "Accord for a Firm and Lasting Peace" on December 29, 1996, ending over three decades of conflict.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Psychological warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes (FAR); Organización Revolucionario del Pueblo en Armas (ORPA); Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT); Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0097_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96822
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guatemalan Military Shows Leftist Guerrilla Banners Found In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Guatemalan army soldier stands amongst local residents showing captured banners made by militant guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The brutality and escalation in violence by state military forces led EGP to join the Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT, and Organización Revolucionario del Pueblo en Armas, Revolutionary Organization of People in Arms, ORPA, to establish the guerrilla coalition Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca, Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, URNG, in February of 1982. URNG and the Guatemalan government signed the UN-brokered "Accord for a Firm and Lasting Peace" on December 29, 1996, ending over three decades of conflict.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Psychological warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes (FAR); Organización Revolucionario del Pueblo en Armas (ORPA); Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT); Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0098_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96823
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Indigenous Maya Women Speak Mam Next To A Roman Catholic Church In Rural Hueheuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Indigenous Maya women speak Mam as they sit next to a Roman Catholic church in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Mam peoples live primarily in the western highlands of Guatemala and southwestern Mexico. Catholicism was introduced to the region during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the following centuries, forced conversion and other methods to indoctrinate indigenous communities into the Roman Catholic Church produced a syncretism of Catholicism and native Maya traditions.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Daily life; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0087_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96936
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local civil defense forces patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0070_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96919
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of a local civil defense force stands for a photograph in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0074_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96923
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local civil defense forces patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0077_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96926
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local civil defense forces patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0080_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96929
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Local Civil Defense Patrol In Huehuetenango
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of a local civil defense force shows off his rifle as men listen to a local official before heading out to patrol along a mountain road in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. Organization of the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, began in 1981 under Lucas García's military regime and was institutionalized after the coup d'état that brought Ríos Montt to power. The PACs were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0081_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96930
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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