Search results

Title: Atlacatl Battalion Commander Lt. Col. Domingo Monterrosa In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with journalists at the military headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa's command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history. Monterrosa was killed by FMLN guerrillas in a helicopter explosion along with 13 other army officers on October 23, 1984.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0157_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96285
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Detail of the hand of a Salvadoran army officer with his military academy ring at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0037_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96504
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A United States Army instructor, center right, inspects U.S.-made M-16 rifles during a training exercise at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Military training; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0038_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96505
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Coffee Harvest In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran laborers use a cucharón to load bags of freshly picked coffee beans for export at a privately-owned coffee finca in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. El Salvador relied on a primary-export economic model throughout the 20th century with the production of sugar cane, coffee, and cotton as the country's principal national income.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Labor; Agriculture; Land reform; Oligarchy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0092_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96220
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Coffee Plantation In El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Laborers gather 60 kg bags of picked green coffee beans in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The coffee industry, once the backbone of El Salvador's export economy, has been in decline since the civil war, with factors including the decrease in the price of coffee on the market and continued warfare between government security forces and insurgents. In the last decades, the effects of climate change have emerged as a central concern for the industry in El Salvador and other neighboring Central American countries.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Development
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0159_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96287
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Coffee Plantation In El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Laborers gather 60 kg bags of picked green coffee beans in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The coffee industry, once the backbone of El Salvador's export economy, has been in decline since the civil war, with factors including the decrease in the price of coffee on the market and continued warfare between government security forces and insurgents. In the last decades, the effects of climate change have emerged as a central concern for the industry in El Salvador and other neighboring Central American countries.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Development
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0158_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96286
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Coffee Plantation In El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Laborers gather 60 kg bags of picked green coffee beans in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The coffee industry, once the backbone of El Salvador's export economy, has been in decline since the civil war, with factors including the decrease in the price of coffee on the market and continued warfare between government security forces and insurgents. In the last decades, the effects of climate change have emerged as a central concern for the industry in El Salvador and other neighboring Central American countries.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Development; Coffee
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0099_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96227
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Coffee Workers In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1983-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran laborers load bags of freshly picked coffee beans destined for export at a privately-owned coffee finca in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1983. El Salvador's primary-export economic structure in the 20th century concentrated land ownership and income in the hands of a small economic elite. This oligarchy effectively marginalized the rural sector of the population by closing political and social arenas as well as economic, which resulted in high levels of support for guerrilla insurgents in certain departments of the country.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Agriculture; Economy; Export; Land reform; Oligarchy; Insurgency
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0028_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96156
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: D'Aubuisson Campaigns In Santa Tecla
Date: 1984-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Roberto D'Aubuisson, center, founder of right-wing conservative party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, campaigns during a presidential rally in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, March 1, 1984. ARENA was established in 1981 and was primarily supported by right-wing extremists and members of the country's economic elite. D'Aubuisson's connection with the death squads made him a controversial figure in United States-Salvadoran relations during the war. He did, however, receive support from influential U.S. Republicans looking to safeguard economic interests, proving no coincidence in the name Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (National Republican Alliance).
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; Political campaigns; Human rights violations; Death squads; Oligarchy; Right-wing extremists; Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); Roberto D'Aubuisson
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roberto D'Aubuisson
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0042_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96170
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: D'Aubuisson Campaigns In Santa Tecla
Date: 1984-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Roberto D'Aubuisson, center, founder of right-wing conservative party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, addresses a crowd during a presidential campaign rally in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, March 1, 1984. D'Aubuisson had previously served as Deputy Director of the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, known as the intelligence sector of the death squads, and was named responsible as giving the orders for the assassination of Archbishop Óscar Romero on March 24, 1980. D'Aubuisson died of throat cancer at the age of 48 in February of 1992, one month after the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; Political campaigns; Human rights violations; Death squads; Oligarchy; Right-wing extremists; Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña (ANSESAL); Roberto D'Aubuisson
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roberto D'Aubuisson
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0043_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96171
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Military Academy Cadets In Santa Tecla
Date: 1984-08-11
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Military cadets at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios stand at attention during a military ceremony in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, August 11, 1984. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military ceremonies
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0114_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96242
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Military Academy Cadets In Santa Tecla
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of Salvadoran military academy cadets as they march during a graduation ceremony at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military ceremonies
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0106_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96573
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Military Academy Cadets In Santa Tecla
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of Salvadoran military academy cadets as they march during a graduation ceremony at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military ceremonies
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0107_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96574
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Military Academy Cadets In Santa Tecla
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of Salvadoran military academy cadets as they march during a graduation ceremony at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military ceremonies
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0108_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96575
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Military Academy Cadets In Santa Tecla
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of Salvadoran military academy cadets as they march during a graduation ceremony at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military ceremonies
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0109_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96576
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: New Cadets Arrive At The Salvadoran Military Academy
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: New cadets arrive for their first day at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Oligarchy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0240_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96368
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: New Cadets Arrive At The Salvadoran Military Academy
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: New cadets arrive for their first day at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Oligarchy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0245_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96373
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: New Cadets Arrive At The Salvadoran Military Academy
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: New cadets arrive for their first day at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Oligarchy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0244_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96372
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Graduating Ceremony
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Newly graduated Salvadoran army recruits march past the officer reviewing stand at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. Graduates from this competitive academy would go on to occupy key positions in the state-military apparatus.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military ceremonies
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0154_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96282
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Officers Attend A Military Ceremony In Santa Tecla
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran military commanders and the head of the Treasury Police Colonel Nicolás Carranza, 3rd left, sit during a military ceremony at the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Carranza worked with Roberto D'Aubuisson and José Guillermo García to establish the paramilitary network of death squads around the country in the late 1970s. As Vice Minister of Defense from 1979 to 1981 and head of the notorious Treasury Police in 1983, he exercised command over the forces responsible for widespread attacks on civilians. A paid CIA informant who received $90,000 annually to procure intelligence on the Salvadoran left, he resided in the United States from 1985 until his death in 2017. In 2015, Carranza was found guilty in United States Federal District Court for crimes against humanity, extrajudicial assassination, and torture.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Human rights violations; Death squads; Trials; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Roberto D'Aubuisson; José Guillermo García; Nicolás Carranza
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Nicolás Carranza
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0007_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96135
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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