Search results

Title: Monterrosa In Morazán Department, An ERP Stronghold
Date: 1984-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The Atlacatl Battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, speaks to to a crowd of local residents in Morazán department, El Salvador, September 1984.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0275_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Monterrosa With The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The commanding officer of the Atlacatl Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, questions a local resident, left, as soldiers advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the notorious School of the Americas and assumed command of the Atlacatl Battalion, one of the Salvadoran rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's authority was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Domingo Monterrosa; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0266_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96394
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Monterrosa With The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The commanding officer of the Atlacatl Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, questions a local resident, left, as soldiers advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the notorious School of the Americas and assumed command of the Atlacatl Battalion, one of the Salvadoran rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's authority was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Domingo Monterrosa; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0265_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96393
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Mothers Of The Disappeared Protest In San Salvador
Date: 1983-09-29
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Mothers and relatives of disappeared family members meet in front of the National Palace to protest and appeal for information in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 29, 1983. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 10,000 people were forcibly disappeared from the years 1980 to 1992 in El Salvador. While the amnesty law passed after the signing of the peace accords guaranteed impunity for all individuals accused of grave crimes against humanity, including cases of disappeared people, recent efforts to locate and identify the missing are a significant element in the post-conflict process of national reconciliation.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Desaparecidos; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0017_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96145
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Mothers Of The Disappeared Protest On Anniversary Of Archbishop Romero's Death
Date: 1984-03-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the organization Comadres and family members of the disappeared protest on the anniversary of Archbishop Óscar Romero's death in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 24, 1984. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 10,000 people were forcibly disappeared from the years 1980 to 1992 in El Salvador. While the amnesty law passed after the signing of the peace accords guaranteed immunity for all individuals accused of grave crimes against humanity, including cases of disappeared people, efforts to locate and identify the missing continue as a significant element in the post-conflict process of national reconciliation.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Desaparecidos; Civilian casualties; Óscar Romero
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0183_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96650
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Mothers Of The Disappeared Protest On Anniversary Of Archbishop Romero's Death
Date: 1984-03-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the organization Comadres and family members of the disappeared protest outside the U.S. Embassy on the anniversary of Archbishop Óscar Romero's death in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 24, 1984. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 10,000 people were forcibly disappeared from the years 1980 to 1992 in El Salvador. While the amnesty law passed after the signing of the peace accords guaranteed immunity for all individuals accused of grave crimes against humanity, including cases of disappeared people, efforts to locate and identify the missing continue as a significant element in the post-conflict process of national reconciliation.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Desaparecidos; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0213_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96680
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Mothers Of The Disappeared Protest On Anniversary Of Archbishop Romero's Death
Date: 1984-03-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the organization Comadres and family members of the disappeared protest on the anniversary of Archbishop Óscar Romero's death in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 24, 1984. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 10,000 people were forcibly disappeared from the years 1980 to 1992 in El Salvador. While the amnesty law passed after the signing of the peace accords guaranteed immunity for all individuals accused of grave crimes against humanity, including cases of disappeared people, efforts to locate and identify the missing continue as a significant element in the post-conflict process of national reconciliation.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Desaparecidos; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0214_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96681
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Outside the Guatemalan Armed Forces Regional Garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-19
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local Maya residents walk past the Guatemalan Armed Forces regional garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Santa Cruz del Quiché was used as a base of operations for the Guatemalan military during the civil war to combat the leftist armed guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, also active in the region. The Guatemalan military employed a counterinsurgency tactic known as scorched earth that holistically targeted the insurgent base through complete destruction of infrastructure and food supply, as well as the persecution of civilians suspected of aiding the guerrilla cause.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0035_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96760
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Reconstruction Of Bridge Destroyed By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents and members of civil defense patrols help reconstruct a bridge destroyed by guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, with Guatemalan army engineers in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. In the central highlands, the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were required to participate on public works projects as part of the Guatemalan Army's counterinsurgency plan to pacify the countryside.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0071_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96920
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Reconstruction Of Bridge Destroyed By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents and members of civil defense patrols help reconstruct a bridge destroyed by guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, with Guatemalan army engineers in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. In the central highlands, the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were required to participate on public works projects as part of the Guatemalan Army's counterinsurgency plan to pacify the countryside.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0079_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96928
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Reconstruction Of Bridge Destroyed By EGP Guerrillas
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents and members of civil defense patrols help reconstruct a bridge destroyed by guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, with Guatemalan army engineers in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. In the central highlands, the Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were required to participate on public works projects as part of the Guatemalan Army's counterinsurgency plan to pacify the countryside.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Psychological warfare; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0106_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96831
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Petrona Brito, left, and her husband, right, sit for a picture in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The Guatemalan army forced Brito's husband to join a civil defense patrol during the armed conflict, where he became sick from long exposures to cold weather and eventually succumbed to a respiratory illness. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities and were directed, often through coercion and force, by the Guatemalan army. PAC effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Counterinsurgency; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; State-sponsored violence
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Petrona Brito
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0026_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96749
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The husband of Petrona Brito sits for a picture in his home in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The Guatemalan army forced him to join a civil defense patrol during the armed conflict, where he became sick from long exposures to cold weather and eventually succumbed to a respiratory illness. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities and were directed, often through coercion and force, by the Guatemalan army. PAC effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Counterinsurgency; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; State-sponsored violence
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0030_v01_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96753
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The husband of Petrona Brito sits for a picture in his home in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The Guatemalan army forced him to join a civil defense patrol during the armed conflict, where he became sick from long exposures to cold weather and eventually succumbed to a respiratory illness. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities and were directed, often through coercion and force, by the Guatemalan army. PAC effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Counterinsurgency; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; State-sponsored violence
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0030_v02_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96754
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Petrona Brito, 39 years, sits for a picture wearing a traditional head dress in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The Guatemalan army forced her husband to join a civil defense patrol during the armed conflict, where he became sick from long exposures to cold weather and eventually succumbed to a respiratory illness. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities and were directed, often through coercion and force, by the Guatemalan army. PAC effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Counterinsurgency; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; State-sponsored violence
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Petrona Brito
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0024_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96747
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Nebaj, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Petrona Brito, left, and her husband, right, sit for a picture in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. The Guatemalan army forced Brito's husband to join a civil defense patrol during the armed conflict, where he became sick from long exposures to cold weather and eventually succumbed to a respiratory illness. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities and were directed, often through coercion and force, by the Guatemalan army. PAC effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Counterinsurgency; Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC); Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; State-sponsored violence
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Petrona Brito
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0115_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96964
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of San Juan Cotzal After EGP Guerrilla Attack
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local Maya Ixil residents are pictured after an attack by armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, on the Guatemalan Army's regional garrison in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. The indigenous locals expected the army soldiers to retaliate by killing the town's residents for collaborating with insurgents.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Daily life; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0045_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96770
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Todos Santos, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-15
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A man of Maya descent sits for a picture in Todos Santos, Guatemala, May 15, 1984. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. 83 percent of the victims were indigenous Maya people.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Civilian casualties
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0110_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96835
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Todos Santos, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-15
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A man of Maya descent sits for a picture in Todos Santos, Guatemala, May 15, 1984. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. 83 percent of the victims were indigenous Maya people.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Civilian casualties
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0111_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96836
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Residents of Todos Santos, Guatemala
Date: 1984-05-15
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A man of Maya descent sits for a picture in Todos Santos, Guatemala, May 15, 1984. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million people were internally displaced or fled the country. 83 percent of the victims were indigenous Maya people.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; Genocide; Human rights violations; State-sponsored violence; Civilian casualties
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0112_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96837
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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