Search results

Title: Civilian Funeral In San Salvador
Date: 1983-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Family members follow a hearse carrying the body of a civilian found murdered on the side of a road on the outskirts of San Salvador, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0232_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96699
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance during a military operation in pursuit of FMLN guerrillas in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0264_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96392
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0267_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96395
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the FMLN guerrilla coalition. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0049_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96177
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0273_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96466
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the FMLN guerrilla coalition. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0163_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96630
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians In Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel Department
Date: 1984-10-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young boy sits in a home in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel department, El Salvador, October 23, 1984. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The possibility of a negotiated settlement between the groups was visible as early as 1981, but the United States consistently discouraged the army from negotiating with the guerrillas. Only after a decade of inconclusive combat was Washington willing to acknowledge that military victory was unattainable, and the diplomatic solutions settled in the 1992 peace accords were not fundamentally different from the ones the army had resisted for years.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Communism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0030_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96158
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Col. Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez In Department Of Cabañas
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2, points to a map describing FMLN guerrilla movement and infiltration routes at the military headquarters in Sensuntepeque, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa's command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0152_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96280
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Col. Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez In Department Of Cabañas
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2, stands in a hallway at the military headquarters in Sensuntepeque, Cabañas department, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa’s command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0043_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96510
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez Speaks In Sesuntepeque, Cabañas
Date: 1984-09-30
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, former commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2 and current head of the Fourth Brigade, speaks at a public gathering in Sensuntepeque, El Salvador, September 30, 1984. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa's command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0120_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96248
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: D'Aubuisson Campaigns In Santa Tecla
Date: 1984-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Roberto D'Aubuisson, center, founder of right-wing conservative party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, campaigns during a presidential rally in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, March 1, 1984. ARENA was established in 1981 and was primarily supported by right-wing extremists and members of the country's economic elite. D'Aubuisson's connection with the death squads made him a controversial figure in United States-Salvadoran relations during the war. He did, however, receive support from influential U.S. Republicans looking to safeguard economic interests, proving no coincidence in the name Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (National Republican Alliance).
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; Political campaigns; Human rights violations; Death squads; Oligarchy; Right-wing extremists; Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); Roberto D'Aubuisson
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roberto D'Aubuisson
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0042_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96170
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: D'Aubuisson Campaigns In Santa Tecla
Date: 1984-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Roberto D'Aubuisson, center, founder of right-wing conservative party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, addresses a crowd during a presidential campaign rally in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, March 1, 1984. D'Aubuisson had previously served as Deputy Director of the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, known as the intelligence sector of the death squads, and was named responsible as giving the orders for the assassination of Archbishop Óscar Romero on March 24, 1980. D'Aubuisson died of throat cancer at the age of 48 in February of 1992, one month after the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; Political campaigns; Human rights violations; Death squads; Oligarchy; Right-wing extremists; Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña (ANSESAL); Roberto D'Aubuisson
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roberto D'Aubuisson
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0043_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96171
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Of Salvadoran Army Soldiers In Morazán
Date: 1983-10-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran woman stands outside a military hospital hoping to see her husband, Juan Pablo Rivas, who was reportedly killed along with 13 other army soldiers in a helicopter explosion over the Morazán department, El Salvador, October 24, 1983. Among those killed were Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa and other field commanders of high rank. FMLN guerrillas led by Joaquín Villalobos, who had previously denounced Monterrosa and his command authority over the Atlacatl Battalion for carrying out the December 1981 civilian massacre in El Mozote, claimed responsibility for the helicopter crash.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Military aid; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Joaquín Villalobos
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0113_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96241
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Squad Victims At La Libertad Morgue
Date: 1984-08-10
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Unidentified men look at two corpses in the city morgue in La Libertad, El Salvador, August 10, 1984. Both victims were shot in the face and showed additional signs of bruising. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0044_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96172
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Squad Victims At La Libertad Morgue
Date: 1984-08-10
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Unidentified men look at two corpses in the city morgue in La Libertad, El Salvador, August 10, 1984. Both victims were shot in the face and showed additional signs of bruising. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0045_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96173
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Squad Victims At La Libertad Morgue
Date: 1984-08-10
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Unidentified men look at one of two corpses in the city morgue, La Libertad, El Salvador, August 10, 1984. Both victims were shot in the face and showed additional signs of bruising. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Death squads
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0191_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96658
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Squad Victims At La Libertad Morgue
Date: 1984-08-10
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Unidentified men look at one of two corpses in the city morgue, La Libertad, El Salvador, August 10, 1984. Both victims were shot in the face and showed additional signs of bruising. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Death squads
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0189_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96656
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Squad Victims At La Libertad Morgue
Date: 1984-08-10
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Unidentified men look at one of two corpses in the city morgue, La Libertad, El Salvador, August 10, 1984. Both victims were shot in the face and showed additional signs of bruising. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Death squads
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0190_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96657
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Squad Victims Covered Bodies
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of residents look underneath a sheet covering two bodies killed and dumped by a right-wing death squad on the outskirts of San Salvador, El Salvador, February 1, 1982. Death squads in El Salvador emerged from the paramilitary groups Organización Democrática Nacionalista, National Democratic Organization, ORDEN, and Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, founded in the early 1960s with funding and administrative assistance from the C.I.A. and U.S. agents during the Kennedy administration. In the civil war the death squads were organized primarily by the right-wing landowning oligarchy and members of the political and military elite, including founder of the political party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, Roberto D’Aubuisson.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties; Death squads; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0017_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96484
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Disappeared Family Members File Their Joint Statement
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran women wait to listen about their cases of disappeared husbands and family members in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 10,000 people were forcibly disappeared from the years 1980 to 1992 in El Salvador. While the amnesty law passed after the signing of the peace accords guaranteed impunity for all individuals accused of grave crimes against humanity, including cases of disappeared people, efforts to locate and identify the missing continue as a significant element in the post-conflict process of national reconciliation.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Desaparecidos; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0227_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96355
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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