Search results

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0161_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96628
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0162_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96629
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the Atlacatl Battalion stops during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0168_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96635
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department, El Salvador
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, speaks with a junior officer, left, during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0250_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96378
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Search Of ERP Guerrillas In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, center, speaks on a military radio while searching for the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in a Salvadoran military operation with the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa's command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0251_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96379
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0307_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96435
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion moves along a dirt road during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0259_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96387
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion advances during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0262_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96390
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A wounded officer from the Atlacatl Battalion is evacuated by fellow soldiers during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0263_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96391
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0248_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96376
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0249_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96377
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With FMLN Propaganda Flyer
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army soldier with the counterinsurgency unit the Atlacatl Battalion holds a flyer from FMLN guerrillas calling for an end to state-sponsored violence in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Cold War; Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0134_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96601
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Detail of the hand of a Salvadoran army officer with his military academy ring at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0037_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96504
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A United States Army instructor, center right, inspects U.S.-made M-16 rifles during a training exercise at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Military training; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0038_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96505
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atonal Battalion In Usulután
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran officer, center, stands with two of his soldiers from the Atonal Battalion during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in rural Usulután department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Cold War; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0129_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96596
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Bodies Of Civil Defensemen Killed By FMLN Arrive In Guadalupe, El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-09
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents mourn as a truck carrying caskets of dead relatives arrives in Guadalupe, San Vicente department, El Salvador, May 9, 1983. The dead were members of a local civil defense force killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. Civil defense units in El Salvador were under military command and operated particularly in rural areas where guerrilla support was high.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0103_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96231
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Members Of ORDEN, A Right Wing Paramilitary Unit In Chalatenango Department
Date: 1981-02-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Leftist guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, interrogate a family member involved in the paramilitary group Organización Democrática Nacionalista, National Democratic Organization, ORDEN, seated left, after a takeover of a nearby village in Santa Anita, El Salvador, February 22, 1981. ORDEN was established in the late 1960s with support from the United States Army Special Forces by General José Alberto Medrano, known as the father of Salvadoran counterinsurgency. ORDEN, along with the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, widely considered to be the origin of the death squads, were employed by the military to infiltrate and terrorize rural populations considered subversive to the regime. Although ORDEN was nominally disbanded in 1979, many of its members were folded into civil defense units who continued to use extrajudicial violence and torture to repress the civilian population throughout the armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Death squads; Human rights violations; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Organización Democrática Nacionalista (ORDEN); Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña (ANSESAL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0098_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96226
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured Members Of ORDEN, A Right Wing Paramilitary Unit In Chalatenango Department
Date: 1981-02-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Leftist guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, interrogate a family member involved in the paramilitary group Organización Democrática Nacionalista, National Democratic Organization, ORDEN, seated center right, after a takeover of a nearby village in Santa Anita, El Salvador, February 22, 1981. ORDEN was established in the late 1960s with support from the United States Army Special Forces by General José Alberto Medrano, known as the father of Salvadoran counterinsurgency. ORDEN, along with the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, widely considered to be the origin of the death squads, were employed by the military to infiltrate and terrorize rural populations considered subversive to the regime. Although ORDEN was nominally disbanded in 1979, many of its members were folded into civil defense units who continued to use extrajudicial violence and torture to repress the civilian population throughout the armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Death squads; Human rights violations; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Organización Democrática Nacionalista (ORDEN); Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña (ANSESAL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0091_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96219
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civil Defense Units In Rural San Vicente Department
Date: 1982-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Three Salvadoran civil defensemen stand near their fortified position in a village on the outskirts of San Vicente, El Salvador, March 1, 1982. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the authoritarian state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. It is reported that the civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0147_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96275
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Funeral In Central El Salvador
Date: 1983-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: UPITN cameraman Godofredo Guedes, right, and sound man Luis Mejia, standing second left, film the casket of a Salvadoran civilian killed in crossfire between the Salvadoran Armed Forces and guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in central El Salvador, July 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Military; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Journalism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Godofredo Guedes; Luis Mejia
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0264_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96457
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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