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- Title
- 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A Salvadoran man speaks about the finding of twelve local campesinos who were killed and thrown down a 180-foot well, bottom center, in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0304_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96432
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A Salvadoran National Guardsman, right, speaks to the media, including radio reporter Edith Caron, left, about the killing of twelve local campesinos in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Edith Caron
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0305_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96433
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A handcuffed Salvadoran man implicated in the killing of twelve local campesinos speaks to the media, including radio reporter Edith Caron, right, in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Edith Caron
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0303_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96431
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 12 Campesinos Were Thrown Down A Well and Killed By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A crowd of local townspeople listen to a handcuffed Salvadoran man implicated in the killing of twelve local campesinos as he speaks to the media in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0306_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96434
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Anniversary Of Archbishop Romero's Assasination
- Date
- 1984-03-24
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A woman holds a picture of Archbishop Óscar Romero on the fourth anniversary of his assassination, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 24, 1984. Romero spoke out against the increasing violence and economic inequality sustained by the Salvadoran state regime and was murdered during mass on March 24, 1980 by a right-wing death squad under the orders of Roberto D’Aubuisson. The martyred Romero was officially canonized as a saint by Pope Francis in 2018.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Liberation theology; Human rights violations; Death squads; Óscar Romero
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0182_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96649
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Army And Civil Defense Militia Fight Guerrillas In El Salvador
- Date
- 1982-01-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A Salvadoran soldier, left, and a member of a local civil defense militia, right, take cover in a neighborhood cemetery during a battle with guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. Civil defense units in El Salvador operated under military command and were complicit along with the Salvadoran National Guard in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0233_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96700
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion Advances In Tenancingo
- Date
- 1983-09-27
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion advances during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0133_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96261
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion Advances In Tenancingo
- Date
- 1983-09-27
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0261_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96389
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion Commander Lt. Col. Domingo Monterrosa In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with journalists at the military headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa's command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history. Monterrosa was killed by FMLN guerrillas in a helicopter explosion along with 13 other army officers on October 23, 1984.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas; Domingo Monterrosa
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Domingo Monterrosa
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0157_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96285
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In San Miguel
- Date
- 1983-09-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran soldiers of the Atlacatl Battalion stop during a military operation in San Miguel, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0105_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96233
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, speaks with a junior officer, left, during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Domingo Monterrosa
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0250_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96378
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In Search Of ERP Guerrillas In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, center, speaks on a military radio while searching for the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in a Salvadoran military operation with the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa's command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas; Domingo Monterrosa
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Domingo Monterrosa
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0251_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96379
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
- Date
- 1983-09-27
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0307_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96435
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
- Date
- 1983-09-27
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion moves along a dirt road during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0259_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96387
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
- Date
- 1983-09-27
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion advances during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0262_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96390
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
- Date
- 1983-09-27
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A wounded officer from the Atlacatl Battalion is evacuated by fellow soldiers during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0263_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96391
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Domingo Monterrosa
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0248_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96376
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Domingo Monterrosa
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0249_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96377
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A United States Army instructor, center right, inspects U.S.-made M-16 rifles during a training exercise at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Military training; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0038_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96505
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Bodies Of Civil Defensemen Killed By FMLN Arrive In Guadalupe, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-05-09
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Local residents mourn as a truck carrying caskets of dead relatives arrives in Guadalupe, San Vicente department, El Salvador, May 9, 1983. The dead were members of a local civil defense force killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. Civil defense units in El Salvador were under military command and operated particularly in rural areas where guerrilla support was high.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0103_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96231
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image