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Title: ABC Television Crew Films ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A television crew from ABC films a young fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, as guerrillas stop commercial traffic along the Pan American Highway in Usulatán department, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Guerrilla tactics for disrupting the transportation of commercial goods were employed in protest of economic inequality and to show defiance to the authoritarian state regime.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Development; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: United States
Subject -- Personal Name: Timothy Ross
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0102_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96230
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Ambassador Stone At Ilopango Airport
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: International media crowd United States Ambassador at Large to Central America Richard Stone as he prepares to depart at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Stone was facilitating preliminary peace talks between guerrilla leaders from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, and the Salvadoran government. Negotiations between the groups were ongoing throughout the twelve-year civil war. United States involvement in the Salvadoran armed conflict can be traced to a strategic hegemonic dominance favored by U.S. policy in Latin America, as well as Cold War-era concerns over the spread of communism after the revolutions in Cuba and Nicaragua.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War; Communism; Politics
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Richard Stone
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0262_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96455
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Armed FPL Officials Take Questions From Western News Organizations In La Palma, El Salvador
Date: 1983-02-06
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Journalists from western news organizations listen to leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, as they respond to questions during a press conference in La Palma, El Salvador, February 6, 1983. FPL, as a member of the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, acquired arms and strategic support from socialist parties in Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union to fund their campaigns. The FMLN and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, were recognized as the established insurgency in El Salvador and played an integral role in the 1992 peace accords.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Communism; Arms trade; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Mike Boetcher; Christopher Dickey; Tim Loughran; Willie Germand
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0013_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96141
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Associated Press Photojournalist Luis Alberto Romero
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Associated Press photojournalist Luis Alberto Romero gestures outside a news event in San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Luis Alberto Romero
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0212_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96340
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: CBS Television Staff In San Salvador
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran CBS television producer, Estella Castillo, stands in the doorway of the U.S. network's office at the Camino Real Hotel in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Estella Castillo
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0225_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96353
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: FPL Forces Hold Rally In La Palma, Chalatenango Department
Date: 1983-02-06
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An officer from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, listens to a question from a western journalist during a press conference in La Palma, El Salvador, February 6, 1983. FPL, as a member of the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, acquired arms and strategic support from socialist parties in Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union to fund their campaigns. The FMLN and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, were recognized as the established insurgency in El Salvador and played an integral role in the 1992 peace accords.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Arms trade; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Cold War; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0110_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96238
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: FPL Forces Hold Rally In La Palma, Chalatenango Department
Date: 1983-02-06
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Four officers from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, speak to local and western journalists in La Palma, El Salvador, February 6, 1983. FPL, as a member of the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, acquired arms and strategic support from socialist parties in Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union to fund their campaigns. The FMLN and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, were recognized as the established insurgency in El Salvador and played an integral role in the 1992 peace accords.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Cold War; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0169_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96297
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: FPL Forces Hold Rally In La Palma, Chalatenango Department
Date: 1983-02-06
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An officer from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, listens to a question from a western journalist during a press conference in La Palma, El Salvador, February 6, 1983. Salvadoran guerrilla organizations formed in the early 1970s and experienced broad support, particularly among the rural sectors of the population, as a consequence of increased state repression and exclusion from political participation. FPL was comprised primarily of union workers, university students, and social Christian groups and was one of five organizations within the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Communism; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0001_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96129
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Internaltional Journalists In El Salvador
Date: 1984-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: International media representatives Christopher Dickey, left center, Rod Nordlund, center, and James Lemoyne, right, walk across a dirt field with local civilians in central El Salvador, January 1, 1984. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Christopher Dickey; Rod Nordlund; James Lemoyne
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0215_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96343
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: International Media In Usulután Department
Date: 1983-07-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: UPITN cameraman Godofredo Guedes, left, UPITN soundman Alfredo Mejia, center right, UPI photographer Ivan Montecinos, second right, and Visnews cameraman Erico Zas Cano, right, wait for a Salvadoran army convoy to pass along the Pan American Highway in Usulután department, July 5, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Godofredo Guedes; Alfredo Mejia; Ivan Montecinos; Erico Zas Cano
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0243_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96371
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Journalists And Civilians Navigate The Pan American Highway
Date: 1983-06-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran journalist uses a white flag to indicate to armed guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, ahead on the road that he and his colleagues are traveling in peace along the Pan American Highway to San Vicente, El Salvador, June 24, 1983. Control of the Pan American Highway in El Salvador continually changed hands between FPL guerrillas and state security forces throughout the armed conflict. It is estimated that nearly 40 journalists lost their lives in the twelve-year civil war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Economy; Development; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0234_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96362
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Journalists And Locals Navigate The Pan American Highway Near San Vicente
Date: 1983-06-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United Press International, UPI, photographer Ivan Montesinos, center, uses a white flag to indicate to armed guerrillas ahead on the road that he and his colleagues are traveling in peace along the Pan American Highway to San Vicente, El Salvador, June 24, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion. It is estimated that nearly 40 journalists lost their lives in the twelve-year conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Economy; Development; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Ivan Montecinos
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0233_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96361
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Journalists In San Vicente, El Salvador
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Three journalists working for international media, UPI reporter Michael Drudge, left, UPI photographer Ivan Montecinos, center, and Newsweek photographer John Hoagland, right, stand for a photograph in San Vicente, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. The three journalists were reporting on recent programs by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in San Vicente.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Michael Drudge; Ivan Montecinos; John Hoagland
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0207_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96335
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Peter Arnett Reports From El Salvador For CNN Television
Date: 1984-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: CNN reporter Peter Arnett, right, prepares to record a news report before the Salvadoran national presidential elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 1, 1984. Arentt is known for winning a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting during the Vietnam War while working with the Associated Press.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Media; Foreign correspondents; Elections; Politics; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Peter Arnett
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0243_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96710
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: PGT Leaders At A Press Conference Outside of Guatemala City
Date: 1981-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Leaders of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Party of Labor, PGT, pose with their weapons during a press conference with international media on the outskirts of Guatemala City, Guatemala, July 1, 1981. The brutality and escalation in violence by state military forces led the PGT to join guerrilla organizations the Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, and the Organización Revolucionario del Pueblo en Armas, Revolutionary Organization of People in Arms, ORPA, to establish the guerrilla coalition Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca, Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, URNG, in February of 1982. The URNG and the Guatemalan government signed the UN-brokered "Accord for a Firm and Lasting Peace" on December 29, 1996, formally ending over three decades of conflict.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0006_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96970
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Photographer Etienne Montes
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: French photographer Etienne Montes walks outside a hotel in San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. Montes photographed the urban violence and death squad activities in San Salvador. He was one of several French photojournalists working in El Salvador during the early years of the country's civil war that forced many members of the political opposition to flee to the countryside or into political exile.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Etienne Montes
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0203_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96331
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Post Presidential Press Conference With President José Napoleón Duarte
Date: 1984-05-12
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: International and Salvadoran media attend a press conference given by the newly-elected President José Napoleón Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, Christian Democratic Party, PDC, in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 12, 1984. Duarte was officially declared the winner after a second run-off election between the PDC and the right-wing party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, Nationalist Republican Alliance, ARENA. The PDC victory can be largely attributed to the more than $3 million in aid provided by the C.I.A. to finance the elections in an effort to produce a moderate reformist government compliant with Washington's demands.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Foreign correspondents; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC); Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); José Napoleón Duarte
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0094_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96222
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Presidential Candidate Roberto D’Aubuisson Holds A Press Conference
Date: 1984-03-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local and international journalists attend a press conference with Salvadoran presidential candidate for the party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, Roberto D’Aubuisson, center left, following the national presidential elections two days earlier in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 27, 1984. José Napoleón Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, Christian Democratic Party, PDC, was officially declared the winner after a second run-off election that ended on May 12, 1984.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; Oligarchy; Human rights violations; Death squads; Foreign correspondents; Roberto D’Aubuisson; Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roberto D’Aubuisson; Patrick Hamilton; Matthew Naythons; Roland Neveu; Joesph Frazier
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0266_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96459
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Richard Stone Arrives At Ilopango Airport
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: U.S. Special Envoy to Central America Richard Stone, center blue shirt, steps off a plane after arriving at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Appointed by President Reagan for the role of special envoy in 1983, Stone was responsible for heading a new ‘public diplomacy’ operation to sell the administration’s Central American policy. Considered the last major battle of the Cold War, the Central American conflicts drew significant attention from Washington, with officials frequently visiting the region to assess strategies as well as encourage the doctrines of military victory and democracy building.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Media; Foreign correspondents; Politics; Military aid
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Richard Stone; Donald Hamilton
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0128_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96595
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Peace Negotiator Guillermo Manuel Ungo
Date: 1983-11-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran social democratic politician Guillermo Manuel Ungo (1931-1991) listens to a question from a journalist during a press conference in Managua, Nicaragua, November 1, 1983. Ungo was a member of El Salvador's governing junta from 1979 to 1980 along with Rubén Zamora. While in exile from the years 1980 to 1987, Ungo and Zamora founded various leftist political parties including the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, joining the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, to form a unified opposition to the Salvadoran state regime. The FDR-FMLN would engage in peace talks with the government and their U.S. advisors intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Government; Insurgency; Foreign correspondents; Social democracy; Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR); Guillermo Manuel Ungo
Country: Nicaragua
Subject -- Personal Name: Guillermo Manuel Ungo
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0271_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96464
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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