Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa, left, interviews Salvadoran President Álvaro Magaña, right, at the Presidential Palace in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 10, 1984. Vargas Llosa was reporting on the 1984 Salvadoran presidential elections for Time magazine. Magaña's provisional government, installed in 1982, transferred presidential power from the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, JRG, to a civilian for the first time since the Junta took power in a military coup in 1979. However, Magaña remained heavily influenced by members of the military high command in key policy decisions, which rendered accountability for state crimes and agrarian reform stagnant issues during his presidency.
Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa, left, interviews Salvadoran President Álvaro Magaña, right, at the Presidential Palace in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 10, 1984. Vargas Llosa was reporting on the 1984 Salvadoran presidential elections for Time magazine. Magaña's provisional government, installed in 1982, transferred presidential power from the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, JRG, to a civilian for the first time since the Junta took power in a military coup in 1979. However, Magaña remained heavily influenced by members of the military high command in key policy decisions, which rendered accountability for state crimes and agrarian reform stagnant issues during his presidency.
Aerial view of the Ilopango air base in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1984. The base was favored by the U.S. military operating in the region as a headquarters for covert activities. Among the operations carried out were C.I.A.-sponsored supply flights to the Nicaraguan contras.
Italian cameraman Michele Taverna, left, films a presidential campaign rally in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 1, 1984. José Napoleón Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, Christian Democratic Party, PDC, was elected president on May 12, 1984. This victory can be largely attributed to the more than $3 million in aid, both overt and covert, provided by the United States to finance the elections in an effort to produce a moderate reformist government compliant with Washington's interests.
Leon Alfredo Barahon and his wife María Inés Artiga on the day of their wedding in Colonia Escalón, San Salvador, El Salvador, September 27, 1984. The couple worked for one of the largest landowning families in El Salvador.
An unidentified woman attends a memorial service on the third anniversary of the killing of four United States churchwomen in La Libertad, El Salvador, December 2, 1983. On December 2, 1980, Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline nun Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan were abducted, sexually abused, and executed near the airport in San Salvador by soldiers of the National Guard. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have “assisted or otherwise participated in” attempts to cover up the killings.
An unidentified woman attends a memorial service on the third anniversary of the killing of four United States churchwomen in La Libertad, El Salvador, December 2, 1983. On December 2, 1980, Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline nun Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan were abducted, sexually abused, and executed near the airport in San Salvador by soldiers of the National Guard. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have “assisted or otherwise participated in” attempts to cover up the killings.
Portrait of an unidentified young woman dressed in yellow and pink as she stands in a crowd in San Salvador, El Salvador, December 1, 1981. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
A Salvadoran woman carries goods on top of her head while walking along a rural road with no operating motor transport in central El Salvador, January 1, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Three women balance on small rocks as they cross a riverbed, central El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Visible behind them is a bridge heavily damaged during an attack by guerrilla forces from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN. By 1981, the FMLN guerrillas had launched a tremendously successful campaign against economic infrastructure with the destruction of major bridges, which affected the country’s export economy and reduced the mobility of the Salvadoran Armed Forces and paramilitary forces.
Portrait of an injured man as he stands in a doorway following a firefight between leftist guerrillas and Salvadoran army soldiers in central El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The man suffered an injury when he was caught in the crossfire of the battle. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
A critically wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on the ground after being captured by soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
A critically wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on the ground after being captured by soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
A critically wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on the ground after being captured by soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.