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- Title
- 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A Salvadoran man speaks about the finding of twelve local campesinos who were killed and thrown down a 180-foot well, bottom center, in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0304_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96432
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A Salvadoran National Guardsman, right, speaks to the media, including radio reporter Edith Caron, left, about the killing of twelve local campesinos in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Edith Caron
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0305_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96433
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 12 Campesinos Killed And Thrown Down A Well By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A handcuffed Salvadoran man implicated in the killing of twelve local campesinos speaks to the media, including radio reporter Edith Caron, right, in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Edith Caron
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0303_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96431
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 12 Campesinos Were Thrown Down A Well and Killed By Local Death Squads
- Date
- 1984-04-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A crowd of local townspeople listen to a handcuffed Salvadoran man implicated in the killing of twelve local campesinos as he speaks to the media in the village of Los Mangos, Sonsonate department, El Salvador, April 7, 1984. The two men implicated in the murder, in which they reportedly threw the twelve men down a 180-foot well, were members of a civil defense unit associated with local death squads. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the Salvadoran state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. The civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Death squads; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Human rights violations
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0306_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96434
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 1984 La Palma Peace Talks
- Date
- 1984-10-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran government officials Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes, left in white, Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, middle, and President José Napoleón Duarte, middle speaking in microphone, address the press during peace talks with the insurgency coalition FDR-FMLN in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Peace talks; Insurgency; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Napoleón Duarte
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0222_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96689
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 1984 La Palma Peace Talks
- Date
- 1984-10-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran government officials Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes, left in white, Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, middle, and President José Napoleón Duarte, middle speaking in microphone, address the press during peace talks with the insurgency coalition FDR-FMLN in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Peace talks; Insurgency; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Napoleón Duarte
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0223_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96690
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-03-26
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A Salvadoran army soldier stands over a dead guerrilla from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberacion, FPL, killed in a battle in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. The Salvadoran army lost 57 soldiers in the battle while FPL guerrillas lost 16 when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0299_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96427
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-03-26
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. FPL guerrillas lost 16 fighters when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0301_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96429
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-03-26
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. FPL guerrillas lost 16 fighters when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0302_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96430
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-03-26
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0054_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96182
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-03-26
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0055_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96183
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-03-26
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0056_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96184
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 57 Army Soliders Killed In Tejutepeque, El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-03-26
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Photographers record the aftermath of a battle while Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Media; Foreign correspondents
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Roland Neveu; James Nachtwey
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0242_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96709
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Abandoned Cinquera Town In Cabañas Department
- Date
- 1984-09-08
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A deserted building lies in disrepair in Cinquera, Cabañas department, El Salvador, September 8, 1984. At the time the town was continuously changing hands between Salvadoran government soldiers and guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in a bitter war of attrition that marked the twelve-year conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0119_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96247
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- ABC Television Crew Films ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-05-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A television crew from ABC films a young fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, as guerrillas stop commercial traffic along the Pan American Highway in Usulatán department, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Guerrilla tactics for disrupting the transportation of commercial goods were employed in protest of economic inequality and to show defiance to the authoritarian state regime.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Development; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- United States
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Timothy Ross
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0102_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96230
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Agricultural Advisors In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Three agricultural advisers stand in a sugar cane field on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. The Salvadoran political elite viewed labor unions and land reform advocates as subversive enemies of the state and considered its leaders to be as dangerous as the guerrilla insurgency. El Salvador is a country burdened with one of the most rigid class structures in all of Latin America. Resistance to labor unions and land redistribution can be attributed to the economic oligarchy's overwhelming influence in the political and military spheres.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Oligarchy; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0271_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96399
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Ambassador Stone At Ilopango Airport
- Date
- 1983-08-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- International media crowd United States Ambassador at Large to Central America Richard Stone as he prepares to depart at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Stone was facilitating preliminary peace talks between guerrilla leaders from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, and the Salvadoran government. Negotiations between the groups were ongoing throughout the twelve-year civil war. United States involvement in the Salvadoran armed conflict can be traced to a strategic hegemonic dominance favored by U.S. policy in Latin America, as well as Cold War-era concerns over the spread of communism after the revolutions in Cuba and Nicaragua.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War; Communism; Politics
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Richard Stone
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0262_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96455
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Anniversary Of Archbishop Romero's Assasination
- Date
- 1984-03-24
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A woman holds a picture of Archbishop Óscar Romero on the fourth anniversary of his assassination, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 24, 1984. Romero spoke out against the increasing violence and economic inequality sustained by the Salvadoran state regime and was murdered during mass on March 24, 1980 by a right-wing death squad under the orders of Roberto D’Aubuisson. The martyred Romero was officially canonized as a saint by Pope Francis in 2018.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Liberation theology; Human rights violations; Death squads; Óscar Romero
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0182_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96649
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas Visits Central El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-05-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas (1923-1994) accompanied by his clerical assistants and political leaders visit a town in central El Salvador, May 1, 1984. Rivera y Damas was named Archbishop in February of 1983 after the post was left unfilled following the March 1980 assassination of Archbishop Óscar Romero. Rivera y Damas was similarly outspoken in denouncing injustice and crimes committed by the state and he led the Church as a monitor in the country’s 1992 UN-backed peace process.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Daily life; Arturo Rivera y Damas
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Arturo Rivera y Damas
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0253_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96720
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Archbishop Casariego In Guatemala City
- Date
- 1983-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Cardinal Mario Casariego y Acevedo (1909-1983), the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Guatemala, stands for a photograph in front of the Metropolitan Cathedral in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala, February 1, 1983. The Cardinal maintained close relations with many political and military officials and was considered to be an ally of the authoritarian state regime. Casariego died of a heart attack on June 15, 1983.
- Subject
- Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Mario Casariego y Acevedo
- Country
- Guatemala
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Mario Casariego y Acevedo
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0098_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96947
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image