Search results

Title: Ambassador Stone At Ilopango Airport
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: International media crowd United States Ambassador at Large to Central America Richard Stone as he prepares to depart at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Stone was facilitating preliminary peace talks between guerrilla leaders from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, and the Salvadoran government. Negotiations between the groups were ongoing throughout the twelve-year civil war. United States involvement in the Salvadoran armed conflict can be traced to a strategic hegemonic dominance favored by U.S. policy in Latin America, as well as Cold War-era concerns over the spread of communism after the revolutions in Cuba and Nicaragua.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War; Communism; Politics
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Richard Stone
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0262_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96455
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Armed UH-1 Helicopter Lands in Central El Salvador
Date: 1984-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An armed UH-1 helicopter lands in an unidentified village in central El Salvador, September 1, 1984. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0209_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96676
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion During Military Operation In San Miguel
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion are pictured on board a United States-supplied truck during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0132_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96599
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion During Military Operation In San Miguel
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion on the move during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0133_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96600
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Military Operation In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion wake in the early morning in fog-enveloped hills before moving into position against armed guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Counterinsurgency; Cold War; Insurgency; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0079_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96207
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In San Miguel
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran members of the Atlacatl battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0093_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96221
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A wounded soldier, center, from the Atlacatl Battalion is evacuated by soldiers during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0003_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96131
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0138_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96605
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0144_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96611
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0125_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96592
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the Atlacatl Battalion stops during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0158_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96625
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0159_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96626
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0161_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96628
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0162_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96629
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the Atlacatl Battalion stops during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0168_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96635
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Detail of the hand of a Salvadoran army officer with his military academy ring at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0037_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96504
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
Date: 1983-10-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A day laborer stands next to a water tank after working in a corn field on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously implemented in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0269_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96397
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
Date: 1983-10-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A day laborer on the cooperative El Sunza stands next to a hillside in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously implemented in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0270_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96398
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians In Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel Department
Date: 1984-10-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young boy sits in a home in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel department, El Salvador, October 23, 1984. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The possibility of a negotiated settlement between the groups was visible as early as 1981, but the United States consistently discouraged the army from negotiating with the guerrillas. Only after a decade of inconclusive combat was Washington willing to acknowledge that military victory was unattainable, and the diplomatic solutions settled in the 1992 peace accords were not fundamentally different from the ones the army had resisted for years.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Communism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0030_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96158
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Vote in Presidential Elections
Date: 1984-03-25
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A woman places her ballot after voting in the national presidential elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 25, 1984. José Napoleón Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, PDC, was elected president after a second run-off election that ended on May 12, 1984. This victory can be largely attributed to the more than $3 million in aid, both overt and covert, provided by the United States to finance the elections in an effort to produce a moderate reformist government compliant with Washington’s interests.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0181_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96648
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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