Search results

Title: Civilian Dies In Cross Fire Between FMLN Guerrillas And Government Security Forces
Date: 1984-10-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The body of a dead Salvadoran civilian is taken away in a vehicle after a previous day's firefight between members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and Salvadoran security troops in San Salvador, El Salvador, October 24, 1984. The man was leaving work for his home in a government housing project. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Civilian casualties; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0032_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96160
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Funeral In Central El Salvador
Date: 1983-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: UPITN cameraman Godofredo Guedes, right, and sound man Luis Mejia, standing second left, film the casket of a Salvadoran civilian killed in crossfire between the Salvadoran Armed Forces and guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in central El Salvador, July 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Military; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Journalism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Godofredo Guedes; Luis Mejia
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0264_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96457
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Funeral In San Salvador
Date: 1983-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Family members follow a hearse carrying the body of a civilian found murdered on the side of a road on the outskirts of San Salvador, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0232_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96699
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian In Battle-Torn Cinquera, El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A portrait of a civilian as he sits in front of a building damaged during a battle between guerrillas from the the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, and Salvadoran army soldiers in Cinquera, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. At the time, the country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0223_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96351
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian In San Miguel During ERP and Salvadoran Army Battle
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A civilian resident stands outside his gate, recently painted with the name of a formation of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, La Brigada Arce Zablah, as ERP guerrillas engage in combat with government security forces in San Miguel, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. Considered the most militarily powerful of the guerrilla factions that constituted the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, the ERP organized the elite unit Brigada Arce Zablah outside of regular military forces. The brigade takes its name from a former leader within the organization, Rafael Arce Zablah, who was killed in combat in 1975.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Communism; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0140_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96607
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians and Battle Damage In San Vicente
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Unidentified civilians stand outside a home heavily damaged after a battle between the Salvadoran Armed Forces and guerrillas from Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in San Vicente department, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran armed conflict was at its roots a class conflict; the country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after the peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0115_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96582
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Cross A River Near A Destroyed Bridge
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians ford a river near a bridge heavily damaged by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Usulután department, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. Throughout the twelve-year armed conflict, the FMLN attacked infrastructure and commerce in campaigns of economic sabotage, further testing military units and disrupting the daily life of civilians.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0120_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96587
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance during a military operation in pursuit of FMLN guerrillas in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0264_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96392
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0267_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96395
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the FMLN guerrilla coalition. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Daily life; Atlacatl Battalion; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0049_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96177
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0273_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96466
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Flee Fighting In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents move their belongings before an assault by the Atlacatl Battalion as soldiers advance in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Residents would eventually return to their homes and farms. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the FMLN guerrilla coalition. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0163_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96630
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians In Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel Department
Date: 1984-10-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young boy sits in a home in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel department, El Salvador, October 23, 1984. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The possibility of a negotiated settlement between the groups was visible as early as 1981, but the United States consistently discouraged the army from negotiating with the guerrillas. Only after a decade of inconclusive combat was Washington willing to acknowledge that military victory was unattainable, and the diplomatic solutions settled in the 1992 peace accords were not fundamentally different from the ones the army had resisted for years.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Communism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0030_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96158
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In San Salvador
Date: 1982-03-28
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Men and women line up at a polling station to vote in the presidential and legislative elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1982. National elections were called to transition power from the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta, JRG, to a provisional civilian president. The Constituent Assembly elected Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja on May 2, 1982.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Government; Elections; Voting; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0137_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96265
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In San Salvador
Date: 1982-03-28
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Men and women line up at a polling station to vote in the presidential and legislative elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1982. National elections were called to transition power from the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta, JRG, to a provisional civilian president. The Constituent Assembly elected Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja on May 2, 1982.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Government; Elections; Voting; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0138_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96266
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Line Up To Vote In National Elections In San Salvador
Date: 1982-03-28
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Men and women line up at a polling station to vote in the presidential and legislative elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1982. National elections were called to transition power from the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta, JRG, to a provisional civilian president. The Constituent Assembly elected Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja on May 2, 1982.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Government; Elections; Voting; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0139_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96267
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Vote in Presidential Elections
Date: 1984-03-25
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A woman places her ballot after voting in the national presidential elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 25, 1984. José Napoleón Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, PDC, was elected president after a second run-off election that ended on May 12, 1984. This victory can be largely attributed to the more than $3 million in aid, both overt and covert, provided by the United States to finance the elections in an effort to produce a moderate reformist government compliant with Washington’s interests.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0181_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96648
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Waiting To Vote In Presidential Election
Date: 1982-04-29
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Men and women line up to vote in the presidential and legislative elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, April 29, 1982. The 1982 elections marked the first year that the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador, JRG, voluntarily ceded control to an elected civilian president since their installment through a military coup in 1979. The Legislative Assembly voted for Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja as the nation's next president.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Government; Elections; Voting; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0072_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96539
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Class For Refugees in Chalatenango Department
Date: 1981-02-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Students attend an outdoor grammar class in territory held by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, near Santa Anita, Chalatenango department, El Salvador, February 22, 1981. The children had been displaced by the ongoing armed conflict between guerrilla factions and government forces.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Insurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Communism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0007_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96474
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Coffee Harvest In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran laborers use a cucharón to load bags of freshly picked coffee beans for export at a privately-owned coffee finca in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. El Salvador relied on a primary-export economic model throughout the 20th century with the production of sugar cane, coffee, and cotton as the country's principal national income.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Labor; Agriculture; Land reform; Oligarchy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0092_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96220
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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