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Title: Col. Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez In Department Of Cabañas
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2, stands in a hallway at the military headquarters in Sensuntepeque, Cabañas department, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa’s command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0043_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96510
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez Speaks In Sesuntepeque, Cabañas
Date: 1984-09-30
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, former commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2 and current head of the Fourth Brigade, speaks at a public gathering in Sensuntepeque, El Salvador, September 30, 1984. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa's command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0120_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96248
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on a dirt road after being killed during a Salvadoran army operation in San Miguel department, September 1, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Counterinsurgency; Military; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0100_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96228
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Larry Price, photographer with the Philadelphia Enquirer, takes a picture of a dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, killed during a Salvadoran army operation in San Miguel department, September 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Larry Price
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0080_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96208
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on a dirt road after a military operation by the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0164_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96631
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A dead guerrilla fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, lies on a dirt road after a military operation by the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0165_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96632
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier with the Atlacatl Battalion looks over the body of a dead guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, killed during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0166_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96633
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead ERP Guerrilla In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier with the Atlacatl Battalion removes the weapons belt of a dead guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, killed during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The twelve-year conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military; Military aid; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0167_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96634
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dead Salvadoran Army Soldier At The Military Hospital Morgue
Date: 1984-09-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army medical officer examines the dead body of a mortally wounded army soldier at the morgue of the military hospital in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 26, 1984. Lack of opportunity for social and economic ascension led many young Salvadorans towards military inscription. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0019_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96147
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Deane Hinton and Colonel John D. Waghelstein At Ilopango Airport
Date: 1983-05-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States Ambassador to El Salvador Deane Hinton, center, and U.S. military advisor Colonel John D. Waghelstein, right, stand with others at the Ilopango Airport in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 26, 1983. The group was waiting for the body of the assassinated U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Albert Schaufelberger III to be loaded onto a military cargo for a flight to the United States. Schaufelberger was the senior U.S. Naval representative and security chief for the 55 U.S. Military Advisors in El Salvador from August 1982 until he was killed in San Salvador on May 25, 1983. He was the first U.S. serviceman killed in the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Cold War; Deane Hinton; Albert Schaufelberger
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Deane Hinton; John D. Waghelstein
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0116_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96583
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Of Salvadoran Army Soldiers In Morazán
Date: 1983-10-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran woman stands outside a military hospital hoping to see her husband, Juan Pablo Rivas, who was reportedly killed along with 13 other army soldiers in a helicopter explosion over the Morazán department, El Salvador, October 24, 1983. Among those killed were Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa and other field commanders of high rank. FMLN guerrillas led by Joaquín Villalobos, who had previously denounced Monterrosa and his command authority over the Atlacatl Battalion for carrying out the December 1981 civilian massacre in El Mozote, claimed responsibility for the helicopter crash.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Military aid; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Joaquín Villalobos
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0113_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96241
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Destroyed Bridge In Central El Salvador
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians observe a collapsed bridge recently destroyed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in central El Salvador, June 1, 1983. By 1981, the FMLN guerrillas had launched a tremendously successful campaign against economic infrastructure with the destruction of major bridges, which affected the country’s export economy and reduced the mobility of the Salvadoran Armed Forces and paramilitary forces.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Guerrilla warfare; Counterinsurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Economy; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0118_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96585
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Dutch Human Rights Investigative Team Leaving Camino Real Hotel In San Salvador
Date: 1982-03-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of human rights investigators from Holland leave the El Camino Real Hotel in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 22, 1982. The group came to investigate the death of four Dutch journalists shot and killed by Salvadoran security forces while they were pursuing an interview with leftist guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in the Chalatenango department. The Salvadoran government and the United States embassy in El Salvador denied knowledge of the ambush, claiming that the journalists were caught in an ongoing firefight between guerrilla soldiers and the military. This fact was later refuted with witness testimony in the 1993 publication of the United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Military; Counterinsurgency; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0164_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96292
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, prepares a recoilless rifle weapon during a firefight with government security forces in Santa Rosa de Lima, eastern El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The ERP were considered the most militarily powerful of the guerrilla factions that constituted the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0098_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96565
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, fire weapons around the corner of a cinder block house as they fight government security forces in Santa Rosa de Lima, eastern El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The ERP were considered the most militarily powerful of the guerrilla factions that constituted the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0099_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96566
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An unidentified Salvadoran guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, stands on the steps of a brick building in Santa Rosa de Lima, eastern El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0101_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96568
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Guerrillas In Jucuarán, El Salvador
Date: 1983-11-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, watch a low-flying military observation plane in Jucuarán, El Salvador, November 20, 1983. Salvadoran guerrilla organizations formed in the early 1970s and received broad support particularly among the rural sectors of the population as a consequence of increased state repression and exclusion from political participation. The ERP merged with four other groups in October of 1980 to form the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, with the primary demands of dissolving the army and paramilitary security forces and establishing effective national agrarian reform.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Socialism; Military; Counterinsurgency; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0069_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96197
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Prisoner Held By Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-12-16
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, left, is guarded by a soldier from the Salvadoran army in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel department, El Salvador, December 16, 1983. The ERP prisoner was captured during a military operation by the Atlacatl Battalion in the coffee producing hills of the San Miguel department and claimed he was forced into joining the leftist guerrilla group.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Counterinsurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0283_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96411
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Escort Of The Body Of U.S. Navy Lt. Commander Albert Schaufelberger III
Date: 1983-05-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States military officers including Colonel John D. Waghelstein, fourth in middle row, and U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador Deane Hinton, third in right row, walk a casket with the body of U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Albert Schaufelberger III to be loaded onto a military plane to the United States, Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, May 26, 1983. Schaufelberger was the senior U.S. Naval representative and security chief for the 55 U.S. Military Advisors in the country from August 1982 until he was killed in San Salvador on May 25, 1983. He was the first U.S. serviceman killed in the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Cold War; Deane Hinton
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Deane Hinton; John D. Waghelstein
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0117_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96584
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: FMLN Attack In Santa Clara Kills 6 Civil Defensemen
Date: 1982-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers stand in the streets following a guerrilla attack on a civil defense post in Santa Clara, El Salvador, July 1, 1982. Guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, attacked overnight killing six civil defensemen before Salvadoran army soldiers arrived the next morning to retake the town. Civil defense units in El Salvador were under military command and operated particularly in rural areas where guerrilla support was high.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military; Counterinsurgency; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0312_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96128
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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