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Title: Defense Minister General Mejía Víctores At Funeral Ceremony For Cardinal Casariego In Guatemala City
Date: 1983-06-15
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan Defense Minister Brigadier General Óscar Mejía Víctores (1930-2016), center, walks along the casket of Archbishop of Guatemala Cardinal Mario Casariego y Acevedo, who died of a heart attack in Guatemala City, Guatemala, June 15, 1983. Mejía Víctores deposed General Efraín Ríos Montt in a coup d'état on August 8, 1983. In 2011, Mejía was prosecuted in Guatemalan court for his command responsibility in genocide and crimes against humanity committed by the military during the civil war. His failing health in the years prior to his death forced prosecutors to drop the charges before he could stand trial.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Military; Government; Human rights violations; Funerals; Mario Casariego y Acevedo; Óscar Mejía Víctores
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Óscar Mejía Víctores
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0104_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96953
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Destroyed Bridge In Central El Salvador
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians observe a collapsed bridge recently destroyed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in central El Salvador, June 1, 1983. By 1981, the FMLN guerrillas had launched a tremendously successful campaign against economic infrastructure with the destruction of major bridges, which affected the country’s export economy and reduced the mobility of the Salvadoran Armed Forces and paramilitary forces.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Guerrilla warfare; Counterinsurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Economy; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0118_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96585
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Disappeared Family Members File Their Joint Statement
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran women wait to listen about their cases of disappeared husbands and family members in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 10,000 people were forcibly disappeared from the years 1980 to 1992 in El Salvador. While the amnesty law passed after the signing of the peace accords guaranteed impunity for all individuals accused of grave crimes against humanity, including cases of disappeared people, efforts to locate and identify the missing continue as a significant element in the post-conflict process of national reconciliation.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Human rights violations; Desaparecidos; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0227_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96355
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: A Displaced Father And Son In Liberated FPL Territory in Chalatenango Department
Date: 1981-02-21
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: In territory held by leftist guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, a displaced father holds his son near Santa Anita, Chalatenango department, February 21, 1981. About a quarter of the country’s population, nearly one million people, are thought to have been displaced during the twelve-year civil war, half of them internally while the other half fled abroad. A large number of Salvadorans who fled abroad to escape the civil war sought refuge in the United States.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Refugees; Internally displaced peoples (IDP); Human rights violations; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0002_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96469
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Amusement Park
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two people sit for a picture at an amusement park in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0088_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96555
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Amusement Park
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A woman sells food at an amusement park in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0089_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96556
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Amusement Park
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Children ride a small ferris wheel at an amusement park in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran civil war was rooted in class conflict; the country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0090_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96557
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Amusement Park
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two children ride a small ferris wheel at an amusement park in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0246_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96713
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Market
Date: 1983-04-10
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two women and a young girl walk out of an enclosed food market in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, April 10, 1983. At the time, the country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0213_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96341
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Market
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Two men stand for a picture in a downtown market in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0091_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96558
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Market
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An ice cream vendor talks with customers in a downtown market in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran civil war was rooted in class conflict; the country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Economy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0245_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96712
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Market
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An ice cream vendor waits for afternoon customers in a downtown market in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran civil war was rooted in class conflict; the country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Economy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0247_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96714
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Market
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young woman sells clay pots and trinkets in a downtown market in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran civil war was rooted in class conflict; the country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Economy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0248_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96715
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Market
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A young man stands for a picture amongst shoppers and vendors in a downtown market in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Economy
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0249_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96716
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Downtown San Salvador Market
Date: 1983-05-05
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Bouquets of flowers are arranged for sale at a funeral parlor in a downtown market in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 5, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Economy; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0250_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96717
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: D’Aubuisson Meets Archbishop Rivera y Damas
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Roberto D'Aubuisson (1944-1992), center left, shakes hands with Roman Catholic Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas (1923-1994), right, at an event in San Salvador, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. Salvadoran President Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja (1925-2001), center, looks on. D’Aubuisson helped establish the paramilitary network of death squads around the country in the late 1970s was named responsible as giving the orders for the assassination of Rivera y Damas’ predecessor, Archbishop Óscar Romero, on March 24, 1980.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Government; Oligarchy; Human rights violations; Death squads; Roberto D'Aubuisson; Arturo Rivera y Damas; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja; Óscar Romero
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roberto D'Aubuisson; Arturo Rivera y Damas; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0254_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96721
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: D’Aubuisson Meets Monsignor José Oscar Barahona Castillo
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Roberto D'Aubuisson (1944-1992), left, shakes hands with Roman Catholic Bishop José Oscar Barahona Castillo (1938-2016), right, at an event in San Salvador, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. Salvadoran President Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja (1925-2001), center, looks on. D’Aubuisson founded the extreme right-wing political party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, in 1980. He was known to have close ties to the death squads and had a reputation for extreme violence.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Government; Oligarchy; Human rights violations; Death squads; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja; Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Roberto D'Aubuisson; Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja; José Oscar Barahona Castillo
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0255_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96722
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Education In FMLN Controlled Territory
Date: 1981-02-22
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Students attend an outdoor grammar class in territory held by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, near Santa Anita, Chalatenango department, El Salvador, February 22, 1981. The children had been displaced by the ongoing armed conflict between guerrilla factions and government forces.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Insurgency; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0035_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96163
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Episcopal Bishops Conference Of El Salvador Meet At A Press Conference
Date: 1983-03-25
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Clerical members of the Episcopal Bishops Conference of El Salvador meet at a press conference to discuss the visit of Pope John Paul ll to El Savador two weeks prior, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 25, 1983. The clerics are left to right: unknown, Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas, center, Monsignor Marco René Revelo, Monsignor José Eduardo Alvarez, and right, Monsignor Oscar Barahona Castillo. The Pope’s visit to Central America highlighted the conflicts between the Vatican and followers of liberation theology within the Church, and presented the newly-appointed Archbishop Rivera y Damas as a progressive caught within a site of Cold War tensions.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Liberation theology; Cold War; Arturo Rivera y Damas; Pope John Paul II
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Monsignor Arturo Rivera y Damas; Monsignor Marco René Revelo; Monsignor José Eduardo Alvarez; Monsignor Oscar Barahona Castillo
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0073_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96540
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Attack On San Miguel
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, holds a Heckler & Koch G3 assault rifle across his shoulders during an attack in San Miguel, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The guerrilla's weapon and clothing were likely sold to him or captured from a member of the Salvadoran Armed Forces. The trading of arms and uniforms to the guerrilla insurgency presented a lucrative opportunity for underpaid army soldiers throughout the war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Guerrilla warfare; Insurgency; Arms trade; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0154_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96621
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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