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Title: Bodies Of Civil Defensemen Killed By FMLN Arrive In Guadalupe, El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-09
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Local residents mourn as a truck carrying caskets of dead relatives arrives in Guadalupe, San Vicente department, El Salvador, May 9, 1983. The dead were members of a local civil defense force killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. Civil defense units in El Salvador were under military command and operated particularly in rural areas where guerrilla support was high.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0103_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96231
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
Date: 1983-10-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Four day laborer farmers stand in a field they recently cleared on the cooperative farm El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. El Salvador's primary-export economic structure in the 20th century concentrated land ownership and income in the hands of a small elite. This oligarchy effectively marginalized the rural sector of the population by closing political and social arenas as well as economic, which resulted in high levels of support for guerrilla insurgents in certain departments of the country.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Oligarchy; Land reform; Insurgency
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0067_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96195
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
Date: 1983-10-07
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A day laborer uses a long-bladed saw to cut wooden planks on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. El Salvador's primary-export economic structure in the 20th century concentrated land ownership and income in the hands of a small elite. This oligarchy effectively marginalized the rural sector of the population by closing political and social arenas as well as economic, which resulted in high levels of support for guerrilla insurgents in certain departments of the country.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Oligarchy; Land reform; Insurgency
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0068_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96196
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured FPL Guerrilla Presented To Media
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, speaks to the media after he was captured by Salvadoran security forces near a FPL safe house containing weapons, explosives, medical supplies and pieces of guerrilla propaganda in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. FPL was comprised primarily of union workers, university students, and social Christian groups and was one of five organizations within the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Insurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0151_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96618
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Captured FPL Guerrilla Presented To Media
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A member of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, speaks to the media after he was captured by Salvadoran security forces near a FPL safe house containing weapons, explosives, medical supplies and pieces of guerrilla propaganda in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. FPL was comprised primarily of union workers, university students, and social Christian groups and was one of five organizations within the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Insurgency; Marxism-Leninism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0153_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96620
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Catholic Priest Speaks With FPL Officers In La Reina, Chalatenango
Date: 1983-02-04
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Father Renato Pellachin, an Italian Franciscan priest, left, speaks with leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, center and right, in La Reina, El Salvador, February 4, 1983. During the twelve-year civil war, the Catholic Church in El Salvador often condemned the violence and oppression committed by the authoritarian regime, with some members of the clergy sharing guerrilla sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0054_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96521
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Catholic Priest Spekas With FPL Officers In La Reina, Chalatenango
Date: 1983-02-04
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Father Renato Pellachin, an Italian Franciscan priest, left, speaks with leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, center and right, in La Reina, El Salvador, February 4, 1983. During the twelve-year civil war, the Catholic Church in El Salvador often condemned the violence and oppression perpetrated by the authoritarian regime, with some members of the clergy sharing guerrilla sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Liberation theology; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0174_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96302
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: CBS Television Staff In San Salvador
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran CBS television producer, Estella Castillo, stands in the doorway of the U.S. network's office at the Camino Real Hotel in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Estella Castillo
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0225_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96353
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Cheerleaders With Salvadoran Cadets At Military Ceremony
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of cheerleaders from Centro Oxford Escalon perform before uniformed cadets at a military ceremony in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military ceremonies
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0110_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96577
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: A child stands outside a building at a Miskito village along the Coco River, Nicaragua
Date: 1986-12
Creator: Gentile, Bill
Description: C. Bill Gentile 12/86 Picture Group; Miskito Village, Coco River, Nicaragua
Subject: Dwellings -- Nicaragua; Indians of Central America -- Nicaragua -- Government relations; Miskito children; Miskito Indians -- Relocation
Country: Nicaragua
Local Identifier: SC_Gentile_0139
Type: color slides
Collection: Bill Gentile Photojournalism Collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:66649
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Christian Fundamentalists In San Salvador
Date: 1984-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians listen while a Christian evangelical speaks about God and the Bible in Parque La Libertad, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 1, 1984. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Religion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0295_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96423
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civil Defense Units In Rural San Vicente Department
Date: 1982-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Three Salvadoran civil defensemen stand near their fortified position in a village on the outskirts of San Vicente, El Salvador, March 1, 1982. Civil defense patrols were utilized by the authoritarian state regime as a form of paramilitary control, specifically over the rural sectors of society. It is reported that the civil defense patrols along with the Salvadoran National Guard were complicit in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0147_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96275
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: A Civilian Checks On Damage Following A Battle Between The Salvadoran Army And Guerrillas
Date: 1983-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A civilian leaves his battle-damaged home following a firefight between the Salvadoran army and leftist guerrillas in central El Salvador July 1, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0119_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96586
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Dies In Cross Fire Between FMLN Guerrillas And Government Security Forces
Date: 1984-10-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: The body of a dead Salvadoran civilian is taken away in a vehicle after a previous day's firefight between members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and Salvadoran security troops in San Salvador, El Salvador, October 24, 1984. The man was leaving work for his home in a government housing project. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Civilian casualties; Counterinsurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0032_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96160
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Funeral In Central El Salvador
Date: 1983-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: UPITN cameraman Godofredo Guedes, right, and sound man Luis Mejia, standing second left, film the casket of a Salvadoran civilian killed in crossfire between the Salvadoran Armed Forces and guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in central El Salvador, July 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Military; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Journalism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Godofredo Guedes; Luis Mejia
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0264_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96457
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian Funeral In San Salvador
Date: 1983-07-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Family members follow a hearse carrying the body of a civilian found murdered on the side of a road on the outskirts of San Salvador, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0232_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96699
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian In Battle-Torn Cinquera, El Salvador
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A portrait of a civilian as he sits in front of a building damaged during a battle between guerrillas from the the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, and Salvadoran army soldiers in Cinquera, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. At the time, the country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0223_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96351
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilian In San Miguel During ERP and Salvadoran Army Battle
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A civilian resident stands outside his gate, recently painted with the name of a formation of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, La Brigada Arce Zablah, as ERP guerrillas engage in combat with government security forces in San Miguel, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. Considered the most militarily powerful of the guerrilla factions that constituted the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, the ERP organized the elite unit Brigada Arce Zablah outside of regular military forces. The brigade takes its name from a former leader within the organization, Rafael Arce Zablah, who was killed in combat in 1975.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Communism; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0140_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96607
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians and Battle Damage In San Vicente
Date: 1983-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Unidentified civilians stand outside a home heavily damaged after a battle between the Salvadoran Armed Forces and guerrillas from Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in San Vicente department, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran armed conflict was at its roots a class conflict; the country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after the peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0115_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96582
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Civilians Cross A River Near A Destroyed Bridge
Date: 1983-06-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians ford a river near a bridge heavily damaged by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Usulután department, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. Throughout the twelve-year armed conflict, the FMLN attacked infrastructure and commerce in campaigns of economic sabotage, further testing military units and disrupting the daily life of civilians.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Daily life; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0120_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96587
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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