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Title: Anniversary Of Archbishop Romero's Assasination
Date: 1984-03-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A woman holds a picture of Archbishop Óscar Romero on the fourth anniversary of his assassination, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 24, 1984. Romero spoke out against the increasing violence and economic inequality sustained by the Salvadoran state regime and was murdered during mass on March 24, 1980 by a right-wing death squad under the orders of Roberto D’Aubuisson. The martyred Romero was officially canonized as a saint by Pope Francis in 2018.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Liberation theology; Human rights violations; Death squads; Óscar Romero
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0182_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96649
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas Visits Central El Salvador
Date: 1984-05-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas (1923-1994) accompanied by his clerical assistants and political leaders visit a town in central El Salvador, May 1, 1984. Rivera y Damas was named Archbishop in February of 1983 after the post was left unfilled following the March 1980 assassination of Archbishop Óscar Romero. Rivera y Damas was similarly outspoken in denouncing injustice and crimes committed by the state and he led the Church as a monitor in the country’s 1992 UN-backed peace process.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Daily life; Arturo Rivera y Damas
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Arturo Rivera y Damas
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0253_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96720
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Archbishop Casariego In Guatemala City
Date: 1983-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Cardinal Mario Casariego y Acevedo (1909-1983), the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Guatemala, stands for a photograph in front of the Metropolitan Cathedral in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala, February 1, 1983. The Cardinal maintained close relations with many political and military officials and was considered to be an ally of the authoritarian state regime. Casariego died of a heart attack on June 15, 1983.
Subject: Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Mario Casariego y Acevedo
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Mario Casariego y Acevedo
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0098_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96947
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Armed FPL Officials Take Questions From Western News Organizations In La Palma, El Salvador
Date: 1983-02-06
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Journalists from western news organizations listen to leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, as they respond to questions during a press conference in La Palma, El Salvador, February 6, 1983. FPL, as a member of the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, acquired arms and strategic support from socialist parties in Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union to fund their campaigns. The FMLN and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, were recognized as the established insurgency in El Salvador and played an integral role in the 1992 peace accords.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Communism; Arms trade; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Mike Boetcher; Christopher Dickey; Tim Loughran; Willie Germand
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0013_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96141
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Army And Civil Defense Militia Fight Guerrillas In El Salvador
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier, left, and a member of a local civil defense militia, right, take cover in a neighborhood cemetery during a battle with guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. Civil defense units in El Salvador operated under military command and were complicit along with the Salvadoran National Guard in indiscriminate attacks on peasant cooperatives and villages suspected of subversive sympathies.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0233_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96700
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Army Helicopter Resupply In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army helicopter lands with a supply of food during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0143_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96610
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Army Helicopter Resupply In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army helicopter lands with a supply of food during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0126_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96593
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Associated Press Photojournalist Luis Alberto Romero
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Associated Press photojournalist Luis Alberto Romero gestures outside a news event in San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Luis Alberto Romero
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0212_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96340
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion Advances In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion advances during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0133_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96261
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In San Miguel
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion stands behind a U.S.-supplied .50 caliber machine gun as soldiers walk along a dirt road during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0123_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96590
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department, El Salvador
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, right, speaks with a junior officer, left, during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0250_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96378
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion In Search Of ERP Guerrillas In San Miguel Department
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa, center, speaks on a military radio while searching for the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in a Salvadoran military operation with the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Monterrosa trained at the School of the Americas and headed the controversial Atlacatl Battalion, one of the rapid reaction counterinsurgency battalions coordinated and funded by the United States. The Atlacatl Battalion, under Monterrosa's command, was responsible for the infamous El Mozote massacre of December 1981, which remains the largest single massacre in recent Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; School of the Americas; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0251_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96379
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0307_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96435
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: The Atlacatl Battalion In Tenancingo
Date: 1983-09-27
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A soldier from the Atlacatl Battalion moves along a dirt road during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0259_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96387
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0248_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96376
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With Captured ERP Prisoner
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa speaks with a wounded guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, captured during a military operation by the rapid reaction military unit the Atlacatl Battalion in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador named the Atlacatl Battalion under Monterrosa's command as responsible for the massacre of nearly 1,000 civilians in 1981 in El Mozote, Morazán department, considered the worst massacre in modern Latin American history.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Atlacatl Battalion; Domingo Monterrosa
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Domingo Monterrosa
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0249_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96377
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atlacatl Battalion With FMLN Propaganda Flyer
Date: 1983-08-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran army soldier with the counterinsurgency unit the Atlacatl Battalion holds a flyer from FMLN guerrillas calling for an end to state-sponsored violence in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Cold War; Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0134_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96601
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Atonal Battalion In Usulután
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran officer, center, stands with two of his soldiers from the Atonal Battalion during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in rural Usulután department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Cold War; Human rights violations
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0129_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96596
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Beheaded Body Dumped By Death Squad Outside San Salvador
Date: 1982-10-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A headless body lies at the bottom of a small hill in the Mejicanos neighborhood in San Salvador, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0077_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96205
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Beverage Advertisement In Downtown San Salvador
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A woman walks past a beverage advertisement in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0200_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96328
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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