Search results
Content Warning
This repository may contain outdated, harmful, or triggering terms and/or contentPages
- Title
- Ambassador Stone At Ilopango Airport
- Date
- 1983-08-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- International media crowd United States Ambassador at Large to Central America Richard Stone as he prepares to depart at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Stone was facilitating preliminary peace talks between guerrilla leaders from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, and the Salvadoran government. Negotiations between the groups were ongoing throughout the twelve-year civil war. United States involvement in the Salvadoran armed conflict can be traced to a strategic hegemonic dominance favored by U.S. policy in Latin America, as well as Cold War-era concerns over the spread of communism after the revolutions in Cuba and Nicaragua.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War; Communism; Politics
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Richard Stone
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0262_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96455
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Armed UH-1 Helicopter Lands in Central El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-09-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- An armed UH-1 helicopter lands in an unidentified village in central El Salvador, September 1, 1984. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0209_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96676
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion During Military Operation In San Miguel
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion are pictured on board a United States-supplied truck during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0132_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96599
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion During Military Operation In San Miguel
- Date
- 1983-08-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion on the move during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0133_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96600
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In Military Operation In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion wake in the early morning in fog-enveloped hills before moving into position against armed guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Counterinsurgency; Cold War; Insurgency; Atlacatl Battalion; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0079_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96207
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In San Miguel
- Date
- 1983-09-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran members of the Atlacatl battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0093_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96221
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In Pursuit Of FMLN Guerrillas In Tenancingo
- Date
- 1983-09-27
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A wounded soldier, center, from the Atlacatl Battalion is evacuated by soldiers during a military operation in pursuit of guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tenancingo, El Salvador, September 27, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0003_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96131
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0138_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96605
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0144_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96611
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- The Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion advance during a military operation against guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Atlacatl Battalion
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0125_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96592
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A member of the Atlacatl Battalion stops during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0158_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96625
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran army soldiers from the Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0159_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96626
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0161_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96628
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Members of the Atlacatl Battalion cross a river during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0162_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96629
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Battalion In San Miguel Department
- Date
- 1983-08-23
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A member of the Atlacatl Battalion stops during a military operation in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 23, 1983. Rapid reaction battalions were trained in counterinsurgency tactics to combat guerrilla warfare and were designed and funded by the United States military. The Atlacatl Battalion was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0168_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96635
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Atlacatl Rapid Reaction Battalion In Santa Tecla, El Salvador
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Detail of the hand of a Salvadoran army officer with his military academy ring at the First Battalion headquarters of the Atlacatl Battalion in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; Human rights violations; United States foreign policy; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0037_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96504
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A day laborer stands next to a water tank after working in a corn field on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously implemented in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0269_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96397
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A day laborer on the cooperative El Sunza stands next to a hillside in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously implemented in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0270_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96398
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
- Date
- 1982-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A group of international journalists are shown captured weapons from a guerrilla safe house found by the Guatemalan Army in the regional military garrison run by Colonel Byron Lima Estrada in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns against the Maya population in the highlands. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which remains one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Byron Lima Estrada
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_nb_0070_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96795
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
- Date
- 1982-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A group of international journalists are shown captured weapons from a guerrilla safe house found by the Guatemalan Army in the regional military garrison run by Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, left, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns against the Maya population in the highlands. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which remains one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Byron Lima Estrada
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_nb_0064_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96789
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image