Representatives of the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, Guillermo Ungo, center left of microphone, and Rubén Zamora, center right of microphone, with representatives of the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, Facundo Guardado, far left, Fermán Cienfuegos, speaking in microphone, Lucio Rivera, second right of microphone, and Nidia Díaz, far right, address the press during peace talks with the Salvadoran government in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the FDR-FMLN. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
Salvadoran government officials Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes, left in white, Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, middle, and President José Napoleón Duarte, middle speaking in microphone, address the press during peace talks with the insurgency coalition FDR-FMLN in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
Salvadoran government officials Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes, left in white, Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, middle, and President José Napoleón Duarte, middle speaking in microphone, address the press during peace talks with the insurgency coalition FDR-FMLN in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
Representatives of the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, Guillermo Ungo, center left of microphone, and Rubén Zamora, center right of microphone, with representatives of the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, Facundo Guardado, far left, Fermán Cienfuegos, speaking in microphone, Lucio Rivera, second right of microphone, and Nidia Díaz, far right, address the press during peace talks with the Salvadoran government in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the FDR-FMLN. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
Representatives of the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, Guillermo Ungo, speaking in microphone, and Rubén Zamora, center right of microphone, with representatives of the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, Facundo Guardado, far left, Fermán Cienfuegos, center left of microphone, Lucio Rivera, second to right, and Nidia Díaz, far right, address the press during peace talks with the Salvadoran government in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the FDR-FMLN. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
Representatives of the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, Guillermo Ungo, speaking in microphone, and Rubén Zamora, center right of microphone, with representatives of the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, Facundo Guardado, far left, Fermán Cienfuegos, center left of microphone, Lucio Rivera, second to right, and Nidia Díaz, far right, address the press during peace talks with the Salvadoran government in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the FDR-FMLN. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
A Salvadoran army soldier stands over a dead guerrilla from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberacion, FPL, killed in a battle in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. The Salvadoran army lost 57 soldiers in the battle while FPL guerrillas lost 16 when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The twelve-year armed conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. FPL guerrillas lost 16 fighters when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. FPL guerrillas lost 16 fighters when they attacked two army positions 20 miles from San Salvador, the nation's capital. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Salvadoran army soldiers gather the body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war that claimed over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Photographers record the aftermath of a battle while Salvadoran army soldiers gather body bags of 57 dead soldiers killed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, in Tejutepeque, El Salvador, March 26, 1984. Guerrillas attacked two army positions in Tejutepeque, 20 miles from San Salvador, and reported 16 of their own killed in the ambush.
A deserted building lies in disrepair in Cinquera, Cabañas department, El Salvador, September 8, 1984. At the time the town was continuously changing hands between Salvadoran government soldiers and guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, in a bitter war of attrition that marked the twelve-year conflict.
A television crew from ABC films a young fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, as guerrillas stop commercial traffic along the Pan American Highway in Usulatán department, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Guerrilla tactics for disrupting the transportation of commercial goods were employed in protest of economic inequality and to show defiance to the authoritarian state regime.
Journalists from western news organizations listen to leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, as they respond to questions during a press conference in La Palma, El Salvador, February 6, 1983. FPL, as a member of the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, acquired arms and strategic support from socialist parties in Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union to fund their campaigns. The FMLN and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, were recognized as the established insurgency in El Salvador and played an integral role in the 1992 peace accords.
Police and fire department workers attend to a dead paramilitary bank guard who was shot and killed in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala on January 1, 1982. The guard was shot by an unknown assailant and it was presumed to be an assassination. The revolutionary movement reached its height between 1980 and 1981 just as the indiscriminate violence of the military's counterinsurgency operations was set to escalate. But by early 1982 the urban insurgency in Guatemala City would be almost completely eradicated by government security forces and paramilitary units after taking serious losses to its infrastructure through the state's dismantling of unions and other popular movements.
Salvadoran soldiers from the Atlacatl Battalion wake in the early morning in fog-enveloped hills before moving into position against armed guerrillas from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, in San Miguel department, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. The Atlacatl Battalion was trained at Ft. Bragg in the United States by U.S. Special Forces as the first Salvadoran rapid response counterinsurgency battalion and was implicated in some of the most infamous human rights violations of the twelve-year armed conflict.
Four day laborer farmers stand in a field they recently cleared on the cooperative farm El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. El Salvador's primary-export economic structure in the 20th century concentrated land ownership and income in the hands of a small elite. This oligarchy effectively marginalized the rural sector of the population by closing political and social arenas as well as economic, which resulted in high levels of support for guerrilla insurgents in certain departments of the country.