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Title: Ag Fair 2
Date: 1971
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Teaching was an important element of the ag fair. Here J.T.A. Baidya Nath Jha describes and demonstrates the use of new farm implements.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0025
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2937
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Ag Fair 3
Date: 1971
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: In addition to food grains (rice and wheat), several varieties of vegetables were exhibited. Vegetable seeds were available through local collection as well as from the Janakpur Agricultural Station and Kathmandu.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0026
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2938
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Ag Fair 4
Date: 1971
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Here we see several entries of eggs. Other animal husbandry related exhibits included fish, hogs, rabbits, and cattle. The Pardan Panches (elected leaders) of the four involved panchayats (similar to townships and the lowest elected leadership position in Nepal) helped with the judging. Cash prizes were awarded.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0027
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2939
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Ag Fair I
Date: 1971
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Here a Nepalese Agricultural Technician, Ram Chandra Sinha, who had temporarily joined our team, registers entries into several categories of competition. The Ag Fair was held in conjunction with the Megha Nath Mela (community celebration in Meghraul) and was attended by hundreds of people. There were 99 entries in 34 competitive classes, plus a few for display only.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0024
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2936
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Artesian Water
Date: 1969
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Artesian water has made the Terai Nepal’s bread basket. The constant availability of water allows for growing wheat during the dry season. Here we see water bubbling out of a patch of sand on its own. These wet patches were not that common but by simply driving a pipe a few feet into the ground water would flow. It was always cool and clean and the runoff was captured in nearby pools which were great for fish cultivation.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0016
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2928
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Bhai Puja (Brother Worship)
Date: 1969
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Diwali or the festival of lights, celebrating the victory of light over darkness and good over evil, occurs in the fall (between mid-October and mid-November). Here we see a sister worshipping her real and adopted brothers with flowers and tikkas (paint on the forehead). The brothers in return bless her with gifts of money. Bhai Puja is the fifth and most important day of Diwali.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0029
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2941
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Boys, Hill and Tharu
Date: 1969
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: A Tharu (left) and Hill Brahman boy sit side by side as they watch the day’s activities at the Meghraul village pond. The Hill Brahman boy is lighter skinned, smaller, and is obviously a Brahman of more than eight years as evidenced by the janau (white cord) hanging over his shoulder.
Subject: People
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0062
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2974
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Cremation
Date: 1970
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Cremation is the typical burial ceremony among Hindus from Kathmandu in the central mountains, where I have seen bodies surrounded by straw smolder for days, to the Indian border and south through India. High mountain families will sometimes tie the body to a small raft and send it down one of the fast moving mountain rivers, hoping it will end up eventually in the Ganges River in India. Before the fire is set to consume the body, the oldest son has the responsibility of cracking his father’s skull to release his spirit. Here we see a cremation on the banks of Dhanusa Sagar, one of the holy lakes in Janakpur. Family members are sitting and standing nearby. The ashes will most likely be scattered in the lake with the hope that they will be carried underground to the Ganges River.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0047
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2959
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Diary of a Peace Corps Volunteer
Date: [date of creation not identified]
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Memoir consisting of rewritten letters Ronald Rude sent home over his 3 years with Peace Corps, Nepal 17, between 1968 and 1971. It covers his relationship with Nepalese coworkers as well as other Peace Corps volunteers, frustrations, successes, cultural events experienced, a comparison of ceremonies as performed by Hill and Terai Brahmans of Nepal, and travel. The memoirs contain many photos, some taken at a location restricted to Brahman families negotiating the marriage of their children.
Subject: Volunteer workers in agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0001
Type: memoirs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2595
mods_typeOfResource_mt: text

Title: District Ag Office
Date: 1968
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: This building was our District Ag Development Office as well as the home of our District Director. I assume he had a family, but they were not with him here. We traveled by bus to this office every few months to discuss agricultural projects. It looks shabby but was a sound brick building.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0018
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2930
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: District Director
Date: 1968
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: This young man was our first District Agricultural director. Light skinned and small in stature with slight oriental features, we can tell his home is from the hills or mountainous area north of the Terai. His mother tongue was Nepali and he spoke good English. His job was to oversee agricultural advancements as directed by his superiors in the capital, Kathmandu.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0017
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2929
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Durga Puja 1
Date: 1969
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Durga, also referred to as Shakti and Kali, is the consort of the “destroyer god” Shiva. While Durga Puja is a time of homecoming and feasting, the most visible aspect of Durga worship is the sacrifice of animals, especially goats, to satisfy her thirst for blood. Here a goat is being sacrificed with a Nepalese knife. The goat’s head is in the man’s hand. The goat must agree to the sacrifice, and the head must come off with one blow. Agreement is assured by sprinkling water on the goat’s forehead.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0032
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2944
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Durga Puja 2
Date: 1969
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: The executioner takes a break.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0033
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2945
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Fish Project 2
Date: 1970
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: B.N. Jha holds up a prize Israeli carp harvested from the Megraul pond. Israeli carp grew very fast so fish this size could be harvested in a few months. They required no additional feeding and were a great new source of protein.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0020
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2932
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Fish Project I
Date: 1970
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: My source of Israeli carp fingerlings was quite near me. An hour walk and a two hour train ride would bring me to Janakpur where the Nepalese government had developed a fisheries station. Here PCV Frank Daly and I are receiving our supply of fingerlings which we delivered to landlords who had ordered them. Small, muddy village ponds were fine for cultivating these fish. A plastic bag was placed in a mustard oil tin. Water and fingerlings were poured into the bag. The bag was tied shut with plenty of air left at the top. We took the tins by bicycle rickshaw to the train station. We rode the train to the train station closest to our village and with some luck rendezvoused with an oxcart to travel the rest of the distance. The fingerlings were then poured into their respective ponds.
Subject: Agriculture
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0019
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2931
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Ganga Sagar (Ganges Lake)
Date: 1970
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Two small lakes in Jankpur are believed to be connected by underground channels to the holy Ganges River. Here we see a building and platform with steps leading down to the lake (Ganga Sagar). The people of Janakpur come here to bathe in the holy water, especially during festivals. The lakes are also a popular site for cremations. If the family can afford to travel, they might choose to ride the train to Varanasi (Banaras), south in Bihar Province, India, and scatter the ashes on the Ganges as it flows through that city.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0048
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2960
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Guy Puja (Cow Worship)
Date: 1969
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: The third day of Diwali is reserved for cow and ox worship. The crow is worshiped the first day, the dog on the second, and the fourth day is celebrated as the beginning of the New Year. In cow worship, the oldest woman in the household gives the cow a tikka, offers food, hugs the cow’s hindquarters, touches the cow’s vagina, and rubs that hand over her head and chest.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0030
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2942
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Hanuman Puja 1
Date: 1971
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Hanuman is the monkey god described in the Ramayana who built the bridge between India and Lanka (Ceylon) so Rama could rescue his consort Sika from the evil Rakshasa. He is always displayed as red, although he could change his shape and color at any time.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0034
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2946
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Hanuman Puja 2
Date: 1971
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Hanuman worship is very active. As part of the celebration these dancers with sticks leaped high in the air. The dance was very physically demanding.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0035
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2947
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Hanuman Puja 3
Date: 1971
Creator: Rude, Ronald
Description: Here is the bottom section of a portable pagoda honoring Hanuman. A small statue of Hanuman can be seen on the platform.
Subject: Hindu ceremonies
Country: Nepal
Local Identifier: PCCA_Rude_0036
Type: photographs
Collection: Ronald Rude collection
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/peacecorps:2948
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

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