Search results

Title: Col. John D. Waghelstein Head Of U.S. Military Trainers
Date: 1983-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: United States Army Colonel John D. Waghelstein listens to an artillery instruction class given by one of the 55 U.S. military trainers to Salvadoran army soldiers stationed in San Juan Opico, El Salvador, March 1, 1983. Waghelstein served as commander of the U.S. trainers and was one of the army's leading experts on counterinsurgency warfare. Referred to as "trainers" to discourage comparisons with U.S. advisors during the Vietnam War, the trainers in El Salvador worked to strengthen the military capacity of the Salvadoran Armed Forces as well as enforce the preferred military strategy of the war's largest funder, the United States government.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military training; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War; John D. Waghelstein
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: John D. Waghelstein
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0051_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96179
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Colonel Waghelstein At Press Conference
Date: 1983-06-28
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A close-up of United States military advisor Colonel John D. Waghelstein as he smokes a cigar during a press conference at the U.S. Embassy in San Salvador, El Salvador, June 28, 1983. As Chief of the U.S. Military Group in El Salvador, Waghelstein held command over the U.S. advisors stationed in the country and was one of the army's leading experts on counterinsurgency warfare.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War; John D. Waghelstein
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: John D. Waghelstein
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0122_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96589
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Death Squad Victims Covered Bodies
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of residents look underneath a sheet covering two bodies killed and dumped by a right-wing death squad on the outskirts of San Salvador, El Salvador, February 1, 1982. Death squads in El Salvador emerged from the paramilitary groups Organización Democrática Nacionalista, National Democratic Organization, ORDEN, and Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, founded in the early 1960s with funding and administrative assistance from the C.I.A. and U.S. agents during the Kennedy administration. In the civil war the death squads were organized primarily by the right-wing landowning oligarchy and members of the political and military elite, including founder of the political party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, Roberto D’Aubuisson.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties; Death squads; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0017_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96484
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: ERP Attack On San Miguel
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran guerrilla from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, holds a Heckler & Koch G3 assault rifle across his shoulders during an attack in San Miguel, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The guerrilla's weapon and clothing were likely sold to him or captured from a member of the Salvadoran Armed Forces. The trading of arms and uniforms to the guerrilla insurgency presented a lucrative opportunity for underpaid army soldiers throughout the war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Guerrilla warfare; Insurgency; Arms trade; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0154_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96621
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Bustillo Award US Advisors
Date: 1983-03-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran Air Force General Juan Rafael Bustillo, left, pins a medal onto the chest of a United States Army military advisor during a graduation ceremony for a Salvadoran battalion at Ilopango military air base, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 1, 1983. On January 29, 2020, the U.S. State Department officially designated thirteen former members of the Salvadoran military—including Bustillo—as gross human rights violators for their involvement in the extrajudicial killing of six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper, and her daughter at the University of Central America, UCA, on November 16, 1989. The deaths marked a turning point in the decade-long U.S. support for the military in El Salvador’s civil war.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military ceremonies; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Human rights violations; Juan Rafael Bustillo
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Juan Rafael Bustillo
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0023_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96490
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova Attends A Military Ceremony In San Salvador
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova salutes during a military ceremony in San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. Vides Casanova was head of the Salvadoran National Guard between 1979 and 1983 and served as Minister of Defense from 1983 to 1989. After a 15-year legal battle, he was found guilty in the United States by his command responsibility over Salvadoran security forces for acts of torture and extrajudicial killings, including the brutal slaying of four U.S. nuns in 1980. On April 8, 2015, U.S. immigration officials deported Vides Casanova to El Salvador from the United States, where he had resided as a legal permanent resident since 1989.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Military; Military ceremonies; Deportation; Trials; Impunity; Military aid; Justice; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0207_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96674
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Generals Flores Lima And Vides Casanova In San Salvador
Date: 1983-09-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Deputy Minister of Defense Rafael Flores Lima, left, and Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, right, salute during a military ceremony in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, September 1, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran civil war was rooted in class conflict. The country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after peace negotiations concluded in 1992. The landowning oligarchy and the military formed an early alliance in the country’s history that all but guaranteed an impermeable apparatus of consolidated control and impunity.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military ceremonies; Rafael Flores Lima; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Rafael Flores Lima; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0147_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96614
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Judge Bernardo Rauda Murcia
Date: 1984-05-26
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Judge Bernardo Rauda Murcia sits during an interview a day after convicting five former members of El Salvador's National Guard for the murders in December of 1980 of four United States churchwomen, Zacatecoluca, El Salvador, May 26, 1984. The trial was the first time in Salvadoran judicial history that a jury had convicted a member of the armed forces for a politically-motivated slaying. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid, which helped sustain support for the investigation and conviction of the five guardsmen. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have "assisted or otherwise participated in" attempts to cover up the killings.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Human rights violations; Trials; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Cold War; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Guillermo García
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Judge Bernardo Rauda Murcia
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0005_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96133
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Memorial Service For U.S. Churchwomen Killings
Date: 1983-12-02
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An unidentified member of the United States clergy offers communion on the third anniversary of the killing of four U.S. churchwomen in La Libertad, El Salvador, December 2, 1983. On December 2, 1980, Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline nun Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan were abducted, sexually abused, and executed near the airport in San Salvador by soldiers of the National Guard. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have “assisted or otherwise participated in” attempts to cover up the killings.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Human rights violations; Trials; Religion; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Guillermo García
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0179_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96646
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Memorial Service For U.S. Churchwomen Killings
Date: 1983-12-02
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: An unidentified member of the United States clergy addresses a memorial service on the third anniversary of the killing of four U.S. churchwomen in La Libertad, El Salvador, December 2, 1983. On December 2, 1980, Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline nun Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan were abducted, sexually abused, and executed near the airport in San Salvador by soldiers of the National Guard. The case figured prominently in debate in the United States Congress over whether El Salvador should continue to receive military aid. Several Salvadoran military officials, including then-head of the National Guard General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and then-Minister of Defense General José Guillermo García, were later found to have “assisted or otherwise participated in” attempts to cover up the killings.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Human rights violations; Trials; Religion; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Guillermo García
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0178_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96645
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Portrait Of Salvadoran President Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Date: 1983-04-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Close-up of Salvadoran President Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja (1925-2001) in his home in San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. Magaña was appointed provisional president in March of 1982 by the Legislative Assembly and was seen by many as a compromise choice between the interests of the Salvadoran economic and military elite and those of the United States.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Cold war; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Government; Politics; Oligarchy
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0261_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96728
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Richard Stone Arrives At Ilopango Airport
Date: 1983-08-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: U.S. Special Envoy to Central America Richard Stone, center blue shirt, steps off a plane after arriving at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Appointed by President Reagan for the role of special envoy in 1983, Stone was responsible for heading a new ‘public diplomacy’ operation to sell the administration’s Central American policy. Considered the last major battle of the Cold War, the Central American conflicts drew significant attention from Washington, with officials frequently visiting the region to assess strategies as well as encourage the doctrines of military victory and democracy building.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Media; Foreign correspondents; Politics; Military aid
Country: El Salvador
Subject -- Personal Name: Richard Stone; Donald Hamilton
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0128_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96595
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Air Force UH-1 Helicopter Flies Over Rio Lempa
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Salvadoran Air Force door gunner watches the terrain below while flying in a United States-made Bell UH-1 helicopter gunship over the Rio Lempa district in northern El Salvador, January 1, 1983. As early as 1950, the United States provided extensive support in the establishment of a counterintelligence apparatus for the Salvadoran military and police forces, in addition to direct military funding and assistance. Over the course of the civil war from 1980-1992, the United States sent more than $6 billion to the Salvadoran government in economic and military aid.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0310_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96438
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Fly Over Morazán Department In A U.S. Supplied Helicopter
Date: 1984-10-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A United States-supplied Salvadoran army helicopter with two M-60 machine guns flies over rural terrain in Morazán department, El Salvador, October 23, 1984. The helicopter flight was part of a mission to deliver a Catholic priest to the rebel-controlled territory of Perquín in Morazán department. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Religion; Psychological warfare; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0216_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96683
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Helicopter Lands In Perquín, Morazán Department
Date: 1984-10-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View from the ground as a Salvadoran army UH-1 helicopter lands during a military operation in the rebel-controlled territory of Perquín, Morazán department, El Salvador, October 23, 1984. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Cold War
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0217_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96684
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Receive Helicopter Training By U.S. Military Advisors
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers listen to a United States Army instructor during a helicopter training exercise overseen by U.S. Army Rangers and Special Forces at the Ilopango air base in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. The base was favored by the U.S. military operating in the region as a headquarters for covert activities. Among the operations carried out were C.I.A.-sponsored supply flights to the Nicaraguan contras.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military training; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0236_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96703
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Receive Parachute Training By U.S. Military Advisors
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers listen to a United States Army instructor during a parachute training exercise overseen by U.S. Army Rangers and Special Forces at the Ilopango air base in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. With the escalation of U.S. military aid in 1981, 55 military advisors, or the Mobile Training Team, MTT, arrived in El Salvador and were stationed at bases around the country. The advisors were prohibited from engaging in combat missions with Salvadoran troops and from carrying weapons other than a sidearm. However, regulations on the capacities and number of advisors stationed were largely ignored or circumvented by the Reagan administration.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military training; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: United States
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0189_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96317
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Receive Parachute Training By U.S. Military Advisors
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers listen to a United States Army instructor during a parachute training exercise overseen by U.S. Army Rangers and Special Forces at the Ilopango air base in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. With the escalation of U.S. military aid in 1981, 55 military advisors, or the Mobile Training Team, MTT, arrived in El Salvador and were stationed at bases around the country. Referred to as "trainers" to discourage comparisons with U.S. advisors during the Vietnam War, the trainers in El Salvador worked to strengthen the military capacity of the Salvadoran Armed Forces as well as enforce the preferred military strategy of the war's largest funder, the United States government.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military training; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: United States
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0190_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96318
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Receive Parachute Training By U.S. Military Advisors
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army recruits perform exercises during a parachute training class overseen by United States Army Rangers and Special Forces at the Ilopango air base in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. The base was favored by the U.S. military operating in the region as a headquarters for covert activities. Among the operations carried out were C.I.A.-sponsored supply flights to the Nicaraguan contras.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military training; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: United States
Local Identifier: elsalvador_nb_0188_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96316
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Title: Salvadoran Army Receive Parachute Training By U.S. Military Advisors
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Salvadoran army soldiers listen to a United States Army instructor during a parachute training exercise overseen by U.S. Army Rangers and Special Forces at the Ilopango air base in San Salvador, El Salvador, January 1, 1982. With the escalation of U.S. military aid in 1981, 55 military advisors arrived in El Salvador and were stationed at bases around the country. Referred to as “trainers” to discourage comparisons with U.S. advisors during the Vietnam War, the trainers in El Salvador worked to strengthen the military capacity of the Salvadoran Armed Forces as well as enforce the preferred military strategy of the war’s largest funder, the United States government.
Subject: Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Military aid; Military training; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Country: El Salvador
Local Identifier: elsalvador_ct_0237_web.tif
Collection: The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96704
mods_typeOfResource_mt: still image

Content Warning

Pages

Pages