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- Title
- 1984 La Palma Peace Talks
- Date
- 1984-10-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran government officials Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes, left in white, Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, middle, and President José Napoleón Duarte, middle speaking in microphone, address the press during peace talks with the insurgency coalition FDR-FMLN in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Peace talks; Insurgency; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Napoleón Duarte
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0222_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96689
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- 1984 La Palma Peace Talks
- Date
- 1984-10-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran government officials Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes, left in white, Minister of Defense General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, middle, and President José Napoleón Duarte, middle speaking in microphone, address the press during peace talks with the insurgency coalition FDR-FMLN in La Palma, El Salvador, October 15, 1984. A military stalemate led to direct public peace negotiations for the first time in the civil conflict between the Salvadoran government and members of the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR. The two sides would engage in peace talks intermittently throughout the country’s twelve-year civil war before the signing of the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Peace talks; Insurgency; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Julio Adolfo Rey Prendes; Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova; José Napoleón Duarte
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0223_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96690
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- ABC Television Crew Films ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-05-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A television crew from ABC films a young fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, as guerrillas stop commercial traffic along the Pan American Highway in Usulatán department, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Guerrilla tactics for disrupting the transportation of commercial goods were employed in protest of economic inequality and to show defiance to the authoritarian state regime.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Development; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- United States
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Timothy Ross
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0102_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96230
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Agricultural Advisors In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Three agricultural advisers stand in a sugar cane field on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. The Salvadoran political elite viewed labor unions and land reform advocates as subversive enemies of the state and considered its leaders to be as dangerous as the guerrilla insurgency. El Salvador is a country burdened with one of the most rigid class structures in all of Latin America. Resistance to labor unions and land redistribution can be attributed to the economic oligarchy's overwhelming influence in the political and military spheres.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Oligarchy; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0271_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96399
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Ambassador Stone At Ilopango Airport
- Date
- 1983-08-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- International media crowd United States Ambassador at Large to Central America Richard Stone as he prepares to depart at Ilopango Airport, San Salvador, El Salvador, August 1, 1983. Stone was facilitating preliminary peace talks between guerrilla leaders from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, FMLN, and the Salvadoran government. Negotiations between the groups were ongoing throughout the twelve-year civil war. United States involvement in the Salvadoran armed conflict can be traced to a strategic hegemonic dominance favored by U.S. policy in Latin America, as well as Cold War-era concerns over the spread of communism after the revolutions in Cuba and Nicaragua.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War; Communism; Politics
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Richard Stone
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0262_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96455
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Anniversary Of Archbishop Romero's Assasination
- Date
- 1984-03-24
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A woman holds a picture of Archbishop Óscar Romero on the fourth anniversary of his assassination, San Salvador, El Salvador, March 24, 1984. Romero spoke out against the increasing violence and economic inequality sustained by the Salvadoran state regime and was murdered during mass on March 24, 1980 by a right-wing death squad under the orders of Roberto D’Aubuisson. The martyred Romero was officially canonized as a saint by Pope Francis in 2018.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Liberation theology; Human rights violations; Death squads; Óscar Romero
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0182_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96649
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas Visits Central El Salvador
- Date
- 1984-05-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Salvadoran Archbishop Arturo Rivera y Damas (1923-1994) accompanied by his clerical assistants and political leaders visit a town in central El Salvador, May 1, 1984. Rivera y Damas was named Archbishop in February of 1983 after the post was left unfilled following the March 1980 assassination of Archbishop Óscar Romero. Rivera y Damas was similarly outspoken in denouncing injustice and crimes committed by the state and he led the Church as a monitor in the country’s 1992 UN-backed peace process.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Daily life; Arturo Rivera y Damas
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Arturo Rivera y Damas
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0253_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96720
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Archbishop Casariego In Guatemala City
- Date
- 1983-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Cardinal Mario Casariego y Acevedo (1909-1983), the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Guatemala, stands for a photograph in front of the Metropolitan Cathedral in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala, February 1, 1983. The Cardinal maintained close relations with many political and military officials and was considered to be an ally of the authoritarian state regime. Casariego died of a heart attack on June 15, 1983.
- Subject
- Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Mario Casariego y Acevedo
- Country
- Guatemala
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Mario Casariego y Acevedo
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0098_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96947
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Armed FPL Officials Take Questions From Western News Organizations In La Palma, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-02-06
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Journalists from western news organizations listen to leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, as they respond to questions during a press conference in La Palma, El Salvador, February 6, 1983. FPL, as a member of the coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, acquired arms and strategic support from socialist parties in Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union to fund their campaigns. The FMLN and their political counterpart the Frente Democrático Revolucionario, Revolutionary Democratic Front, FDR, were recognized as the established insurgency in El Salvador and played an integral role in the 1992 peace accords.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Communism; Arms trade; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN); Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL); Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Mike Boetcher; Christopher Dickey; Tim Loughran; Willie Germand
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0013_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96141
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Associated Press Photojournalist Luis Alberto Romero
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Associated Press photojournalist Luis Alberto Romero gestures outside a news event in San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Cold War
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Luis Alberto Romero
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0212_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96340
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Beheaded Body Dumped By Death Squad Outside San Salvador
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A headless body lies at the bottom of a small hill in the Mejicanos neighborhood in San Salvador, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0077_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96205
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Beverage Advertisement In Downtown San Salvador
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A woman walks past a beverage advertisement in downtown San Salvador, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. The country was engaged in a twelve-year civil war between successive authoritarian regimes, backed by the United States, and the guerrilla coalition Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN. The conflict would claim over 75,000 lives before peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0200_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96328
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A day laborer stands next to a water tank after working in a corn field on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously implemented in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0269_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96397
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A day laborer on the cooperative El Sunza stands next to a hillside in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously implemented in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Land reform; Agriculture; Labor; Economy; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0270_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96398
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A day laborer farmer walks with his machete after working in a corn field on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously employed in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Oligarchy; Land reform; United States foreign policy
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0065_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96193
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A day laborer farmer weeds with his machete after working in a corn field on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. Agrarian reform initiated in 1980 in El Salvador was designed by United States advisors, financed by the United States government, and implemented by the Salvadoran military. The reform followed the model previously employed in the Vietnam War of dividing large pieces of land into cooperatives in an effort to pacify a population considered to be sympathetic to the guerrilla insurgency. However, the model did not attempt to dismantle the landowner oligarchy nor the redistribution of coffee plantations, two critical causes of the armed conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Oligarchy; Land reform; United States foreign policy
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0066_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96194
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Four day laborer farmers stand in a field they recently cleared on the cooperative farm El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. El Salvador's primary-export economic structure in the 20th century concentrated land ownership and income in the hands of a small elite. This oligarchy effectively marginalized the rural sector of the population by closing political and social arenas as well as economic, which resulted in high levels of support for guerrilla insurgents in certain departments of the country.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Oligarchy; Land reform; Insurgency
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0067_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96195
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Campesinos In Sonsonate, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-10-07
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A day laborer uses a long-bladed saw to cut wooden planks on the cooperative El Sunza in Sonsonate, El Salvador, October 7, 1983. El Salvador's primary-export economic structure in the 20th century concentrated land ownership and income in the hands of a small elite. This oligarchy effectively marginalized the rural sector of the population by closing political and social arenas as well as economic, which resulted in high levels of support for guerrilla insurgents in certain departments of the country.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Oligarchy; Land reform; Insurgency
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0068_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96196
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Catholic Priest Speaks With FPL Officers In La Reina, Chalatenango
- Date
- 1983-02-04
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Father Renato Pellachin, an Italian Franciscan priest, left, speaks with leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, center and right, in La Reina, El Salvador, February 4, 1983. During the twelve-year civil war, the Catholic Church in El Salvador often condemned the violence and oppression committed by the authoritarian regime, with some members of the clergy sharing guerrilla sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0054_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96521
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image
- Title
- Catholic Priest Spekas With FPL Officers In La Reina, Chalatenango
- Date
- 1983-02-04
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Father Renato Pellachin, an Italian Franciscan priest, left, speaks with leftist guerrilla officials from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, center and right, in La Reina, El Salvador, February 4, 1983. During the twelve-year civil war, the Catholic Church in El Salvador often condemned the violence and oppression perpetrated by the authoritarian regime, with some members of the clergy sharing guerrilla sympathies.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Marxism-Leninism; Socialism; Liberation theology; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0174_web.tif
- Collection
- The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96302
- mods_typeOfResource_mt
- still image