Drew Pearson's Washington Merry-Go-Round

Content Warning

This repository may contain outdated, harmful, or triggering terms and/or content

Collection Title: Drew Pearson's Washington Merry-Go-Round

Description: Pearson's syndicated Washington Merry-Go-Round column publishedbetween 1932 and 1969. Andrew Russell (Drew) Pearson (1897-1969) was one of the most successful newspaper and radio journalists of his day. The collection presented here consists of Pearson's syndicated Washington Merry-Go-Round column published between 1932 and 1969. American University Library Special Collections Unit holds the typescript copies for the column that the syndicate sent to Pearson's office at the same time the typescripts were distributed to newspapers around the country. Articles as published in various newspapers may differ slightly from the original typescripts represented here.

Pages

: Letter from business manager to open territory in New Jersey (January 24, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T17:16:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 9 b01f14-0124xtext.txt.txt.txt: 1156 bytes, checksum: e9e4c386e229706e1b8b033dffcfc59f (MD5) b01f14-0124xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt.txt: 1154 bytes, checksum: 021ec20bd8012ee1935398a8cbcca341 (MD5) b01f14-0124xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 1154 bytes, checksum: 021ec20bd8012ee1935398a8cbcca341 (MD5) b01f14-0124xtext.txt.txt: 1156 bytes, checksum: e9e4c386e229706e1b8b033dffcfc59f (MD5) b01f14-0124xtext.txt: 1240 bytes, checksum: 7fae25c6d53c0a8def7761d8c4e0e707 (MD5) b01f14-0124xdisplay.pdf.txt: 1286 bytes, checksum: 3be4e9508bbf1187d205cad77b7ba99d (MD5) b01f14-0124xdisplay.pdf: 53218 bytes, checksum: ed058baf97bfb80764eb598f2fef8f75 (MD5) b01f14-0124x-01master.tif: 4350376 bytes, checksum: f7dcdc78cd8f20e11dd8d1ad8afe1021 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5354 bytes, checksum: 8c1976186cb4f525016dd8c9b973085b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: The Daily Washington Merry Go Round(January 28, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T17:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 10 b01f14-0128xtext.txt.txt.txt: 3121 bytes, checksum: 61272e3c0f2a5155c3ad5b25be3eb604 (MD5) b01f14-0128xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt.txt: 3118 bytes, checksum: e20c56d61f8dc5793fbc76d9e63e8b2a (MD5) b01f14-0128xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 3118 bytes, checksum: e20c56d61f8dc5793fbc76d9e63e8b2a (MD5) b01f14-0128xtext.txt.txt: 3121 bytes, checksum: 61272e3c0f2a5155c3ad5b25be3eb604 (MD5) b01f14-0128xtext.txt: 3345 bytes, checksum: 103927c952a2b14b031a7e1be126907d (MD5) b01f14-0128xdisplay.pdf.txt: 3514 bytes, checksum: 8bad8e86a2760ed1f79eb6f1f0a74870 (MD5) b01f14-0128xdisplay.pdf: 135844 bytes, checksum: d6285c7adb676561200a1c8b2cecac12 (MD5) b01f14-0128x-01master.tif: 5593196 bytes, checksum: b2308ab10260e5b8ddcc0a6373d88678 (MD5) b01f14-0128x-02master.tif: 4154184 bytes, checksum: 67111a9226e7dc00d558dc7eba8d9994 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5904 bytes, checksum: 08a04d6619b97137d94e05895f01e85e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (January 31, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f14-0131bdisplay.pdf: 76223 bytes, checksum: a34919a83169afda068041b33f45dd38 (MD5) b01f14-0131b-01master.tif: 3824236 bytes, checksum: 70678b8089170516efa51cb38073a607 (MD5) b01f14-0131bdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 1216 bytes, checksum: 17d0d238f89caaf52a8503c145f439f5 (MD5) b01f14-0131btext.txt.txt: 1223 bytes, checksum: a468ca21d615d9b9e62d25738e31b5ca (MD5) b01f14-0131btext.txt: 1297 bytes, checksum: 2e20d94efe2e4f22d17c2ffe1059e0a0 (MD5) b01f14-0131bdisplay.pdf.txt: 1332 bytes, checksum: 470e2b8e64bcd23e976720b0faeaed22 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5309 bytes, checksum: eb0e76069caffa64e6106ed74c68b785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (February 6, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 9 b01f15-0206udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 7276 bytes, checksum: 2b9176e7d0fbf5581f6a6cc0ed8aba86 (MD5) b01f15-0206utext.txt.txt: 7329 bytes, checksum: 1fb32748978137ee5594737a6f96fe51 (MD5) b01f15-0206utext.txt: 7707 bytes, checksum: 9b180a7dccdffe24728cf42afc4bb5c5 (MD5) b01f15-0206udisplay.pdf.txt: 8191 bytes, checksum: c2da7991731cef228fccd4413136e449 (MD5) b01f15-0206udisplay.pdf: 284796 bytes, checksum: b30f2cc2e324b1a9277f335786ed1d13 (MD5) b01f15-0206u-01master.tif: 5204948 bytes, checksum: b1ec666a38577c990b99c3bb262672f2 (MD5) b01f15-0206u-02master.tif: 5501264 bytes, checksum: d4aa79ac2795025c2ce63c5fa20ff57c (MD5) b01f15-0206u-03master.tif: 4537552 bytes, checksum: 923c55cfd014c97996ca66391bce323d (MD5) manifest.xml: 6462 bytes, checksum: 0871d4edff868f49b14859a56f03a1b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (February 7, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0207udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 891 bytes, checksum: 07a086ba1edaae12234e3eafe0c8436b (MD5) b01f15-0207utext.txt.txt: 891 bytes, checksum: 07a086ba1edaae12234e3eafe0c8436b (MD5) b01f15-0207utext.txt: 941 bytes, checksum: 0ad694878b39c6560cbe9b8585037824 (MD5) b01f15-0207udisplay.pdf.txt: 970 bytes, checksum: 086547d3ced418ca2b40de1bc3e27f68 (MD5) b01f15-0207udisplay.pdf: 51260 bytes, checksum: 2d4cda1ac8e286b15a5ac462d107db22 (MD5) b01f15-0207u-01master.tif: 3198668 bytes, checksum: 9cae392a751a1cc41bc87f257ca7779b (MD5) manifest.xml: 5310 bytes, checksum: 09eb08fa89bd2bac28036e95da4b9d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Editors Note (February 8, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0208udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 2114 bytes, checksum: 9c05b0219b3a36a696faa572ccf4c44d (MD5) b01f15-0208utext.txt.txt: 2122 bytes, checksum: 0d845ec0e4eab047bd2d936189da744e (MD5) b01f15-0208utext.txt: 2235 bytes, checksum: cae6466368a7786817c18af5a470cf32 (MD5) b01f15-0208udisplay.pdf.txt: 2386 bytes, checksum: efcee92f950b8bb1688d786b49d80d45 (MD5) b01f15-0208udisplay.pdf: 90768 bytes, checksum: 30fa3771b5aaaa73ad2973bd42171f8b (MD5) b01f15-0208u-01master.tif: 4947336 bytes, checksum: f06eba94f3ebff5852d3d1d047ad1e84 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5307 bytes, checksum: 71102e49961d2e7ce37ba0fb396d3583 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (February 14, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0214udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 830 bytes, checksum: 0a836687f003e0cbc5f9ff296a6295ca (MD5) b01f15-0214utext.txt.txt: 832 bytes, checksum: 892acb08a4d084a8c0a47d6e266f2010 (MD5) b01f15-0214utext.txt: 903 bytes, checksum: 0e471967e1ffcbfa682bf08e5212118d (MD5) b01f15-0214udisplay.pdf.txt: 922 bytes, checksum: 3d4c257bf89bac9c00de202acfa4c74f (MD5) b01f15-0214udisplay.pdf: 47034 bytes, checksum: 74b3fb04edf1e14b1cdee9b6f74983fb (MD5) b01f15-0214u-01master.tif: 3910488 bytes, checksum: bb4c78e3b6281611221acf37df492910 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5311 bytes, checksum: 2bb2a05a0e78f6c6b848ff47add78c82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (February 19, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:05:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0219bdisplay.pdf: 47123 bytes, checksum: 98de780e3abaf5cd26d6a7cfd26bc47d (MD5) b01f15-0219b-01master.tif: 2840036 bytes, checksum: 932567313f4ff1163d229e36d09f7a2f (MD5) b01f15-0219bdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 904 bytes, checksum: 46012eb0572fb4cc7d7a8a30d6d9a4ea (MD5) b01f15-0219btext.txt.txt: 904 bytes, checksum: 46012eb0572fb4cc7d7a8a30d6d9a4ea (MD5) b01f15-0219btext.txt: 941 bytes, checksum: a7edd3932a46aaf71c2d068609b0e332 (MD5) b01f15-0219bdisplay.pdf.txt: 986 bytes, checksum: df4d34a508da5f57cc0c6e67d9f20bcb (MD5) manifest.xml: 5310 bytes, checksum: 5a5ff6e81fcb4ac4d4d0dd5a21ee8c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (February 20, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:05:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0220bdisplay.pdf: 74584 bytes, checksum: dbef0b0e8a0a2eae73804ddb788d157d (MD5) b01f15-0220b-01master.tif: 5162304 bytes, checksum: 4994005826edcdaf9f178f94a2484e7d (MD5) b01f15-0220bdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 1669 bytes, checksum: e54e950a5c984d5f5f5ed32b6268ccea (MD5) b01f15-0220btext.txt.txt: 1669 bytes, checksum: e54e950a5c984d5f5f5ed32b6268ccea (MD5) b01f15-0220btext.txt: 1775 bytes, checksum: 337116534ef736b83698400603cef4e3 (MD5) b01f15-0220bdisplay.pdf.txt: 1877 bytes, checksum: 6d7516b3bab31e27ec2168bd341e7cd6 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5310 bytes, checksum: 6b1f57111e1d4000d17ea07b0861e304 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Reserve column (February 23, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:05:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 9 b01f15-0223udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 8890 bytes, checksum: bdcfe29585eb02cb99d013b8718e2f1b (MD5) b01f15-0223utext.txt.txt: 8913 bytes, checksum: 9a7d485521b2201d475d0630a07af84c (MD5) b01f15-0223utext.txt: 9350 bytes, checksum: 8f94272e04a118f993106ba62cd3d6c5 (MD5) b01f15-0223udisplay.pdf.txt: 9967 bytes, checksum: 0113dd36a5b630347f91ed5aff801716 (MD5) b01f15-0223udisplay.pdf: 341928 bytes, checksum: c4725b247bee87a7a69e86235bdc2281 (MD5) b01f15-0223u-01master.tif: 5506336 bytes, checksum: 8c462d26a5d857643a8d0a026a91e24d (MD5) b01f15-0223u-02master.tif: 5507820 bytes, checksum: e127a5231e130c78d0c40f2bc52f2634 (MD5) b01f15-0223u-03master.tif: 5337916 bytes, checksum: ee6a15a040a3604dd2f945798078ea07 (MD5) manifest.xml: 6462 bytes, checksum: 225197242d20afaa3adf8eb341aad986 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Correction for Merry-Go-Round release Saturday, February 23 (February 23, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:05:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0223xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 383 bytes, checksum: a7f1c1d9ce2f0eb37b5bf126783294d7 (MD5) b01f15-0223xtext.txt.txt: 385 bytes, checksum: f99cad0fd51b0a59ada3ed2741934e7f (MD5) b01f15-0223xtext.txt: 408 bytes, checksum: 58c869e71cd93cbc3d8abe9402226599 (MD5) b01f15-0223xdisplay.pdf.txt: 416 bytes, checksum: e233a9959507e096fba5a0e77ad05581 (MD5) b01f15-0223xdisplay.pdf: 30489 bytes, checksum: d76af38ffbd1b8023c5f77cf9ad100dc (MD5) b01f15-0223x-01master.tif: 2576816 bytes, checksum: 6baf320d4b78c6d4aef47feff1652de1 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5354 bytes, checksum: 0d2bf1f0ba0808b18a02d9dd1d03e280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (February 28, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0228bdisplay.pdf: 35071 bytes, checksum: ad190d27c383c70b0f1e782fb4c18714 (MD5) b01f15-0228b-01master.tif: 3046888 bytes, checksum: f7074a621651fe5d834a856217e85044 (MD5) b01f15-0228bdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 603 bytes, checksum: 4c8aa83cfa9206afe195d675df56af21 (MD5) b01f15-0228btext.txt.txt: 603 bytes, checksum: 4c8aa83cfa9206afe195d675df56af21 (MD5) b01f15-0228btext.txt: 642 bytes, checksum: 7a98e62e77053f47d50dd776290e5070 (MD5) b01f15-0228bdisplay.pdf.txt: 653 bytes, checksum: d348cb2ec108e1fff989127d2332c2f8 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5310 bytes, checksum: b38ce54eb8ec1c77b18e8f23f940b7cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Reserve column (March 1, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:05:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 9 b01f15-0301udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 8831 bytes, checksum: e7eef564a99250e50351ce4ebe035497 (MD5) b01f15-0301utext.txt.txt: 8865 bytes, checksum: dbc085fed9cd57946908659f137e3b60 (MD5) b01f15-0301utext.txt: 9316 bytes, checksum: f4924d52cc2e8bc58593fd0bf11e7c0f (MD5) b01f15-0301udisplay.pdf.txt: 9863 bytes, checksum: 03b485e1c666588fac2cae0093fa03d2 (MD5) b01f15-0301udisplay.pdf: 340534 bytes, checksum: 7d94373fc0752705d1dd2ff770d7ff05 (MD5) b01f15-0301u-01master.tif: 5418668 bytes, checksum: 2fbe6e359b54d5ac0b079a60f9fc5eb6 (MD5) b01f15-0301u-02master.tif: 5254336 bytes, checksum: 7d1f641ab7149e49de1f1c4055c213f8 (MD5) b01f15-0301u-03master.tif: 5154968 bytes, checksum: 43f13a9e5c64c591a94ec816761b1698 (MD5) manifest.xml: 6458 bytes, checksum: 7eb76898250cbb28be6dfc68764c1ac6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: From congressional record -- Senate, March 6 (March 6, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 8 b01f15-0306xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 4743 bytes, checksum: f3b216d44c88504d66c3c99e4d8e1bcd (MD5) b01f15-0306xtext.txt.txt: 4763 bytes, checksum: 2b28465a00ca92df334f8593373de018 (MD5) b01f15-0306xtext.txt: 4942 bytes, checksum: 60bcc36dabaac0a6d4a610f7640e546e (MD5) b01f15-0306xdisplay.pdf.txt: 5263 bytes, checksum: 070da232c5cba34bcfff5ffc422b7de7 (MD5) b01f15-0306xdisplay.pdf: 160475 bytes, checksum: 70740fb854607cf703dbc30482cb2590 (MD5) b01f15-0306x-01master.tif: 5002548 bytes, checksum: 868caeae23c30bddd96f317f6d4dfbed (MD5) b01f15-0306x-02master.tif: 1955520 bytes, checksum: 5d5d90c9c64883f7c29f4da552967781 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5911 bytes, checksum: 49bbe558f883ab540563b726488fb853 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: To Sunday clients of Merry-Go-Round (March 13, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0313xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 2167 bytes, checksum: d877d8a2df063db4c77da837e258be4f (MD5) b01f15-0313xtext.txt.txt: 2169 bytes, checksum: 1e1892cb73954aec437a1d995876eabb (MD5) b01f15-0313xtext.txt: 2291 bytes, checksum: 57ec599e01ba8ab03f297c8bd36628ab (MD5) b01f15-0313xdisplay.pdf.txt: 2446 bytes, checksum: 34f0f297e91f79a266d6bda25ca840bb (MD5) b01f15-0313xdisplay.pdf: 101221 bytes, checksum: 9b595a65ebe36bb5a2c60cff0d1968d9 (MD5) b01f15-0313x-01master.tif: 5093736 bytes, checksum: 92d959391d075a8ef9551b4617a7d72c (MD5) manifest.xml: 5327 bytes, checksum: da7fd12b6fc2f88ef4aaaac4b116528a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Letter from business manager to business representatives (March 19, 1935); Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-01T00:06:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f15-0319xdisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 356 bytes, checksum: 409ac41a344d7ae86824f364667dd9be (MD5) b01f15-0319xtext.txt.txt: 359 bytes, checksum: 0d7266abb99883629af2e12a9d9e04c8 (MD5) b01f15-0319xtext.txt: 391 bytes, checksum: f03ec80451144c9473f6d30f26eb2736 (MD5) b01f15-0319xdisplay.pdf.txt: 388 bytes, checksum: 5ebf999d87959253ad5533979797958f (MD5) b01f15-0319xdisplay.pdf: 23580 bytes, checksum: 0811aa83b21b096499bb2ebefc3539e3 (MD5) b01f15-0319x-01master.tif: 3441864 bytes, checksum: dda8785f61d867d3529a365fbcdd1bd5 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5348 bytes, checksum: 6aec68dbf4524c5771d015392f5d9410 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Special Washington Marry-Go-Round to Maryland papers only (April 14, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:22:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f16-0414udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 972 bytes, checksum: eb00d84ed8a18aa0d0dad35600a42cff (MD5) b01f16-0414utext.txt.txt: 974 bytes, checksum: bab2f2434690624684064c9d476cdfad (MD5) b01f16-0414utext.txt: 1028 bytes, checksum: 496913d981016cf95abba0e7f9fb4725 (MD5) b01f16-0414udisplay.pdf.txt: 1082 bytes, checksum: 2f15638c42d4298616d2e38b35f8d940 (MD5) b01f16-0414udisplay.pdf: 54185 bytes, checksum: 84ba7b99c6a89836a9437cb42b3d0932 (MD5) b01f16-0414u-01master.tif: 3531000 bytes, checksum: d912c6b754aaf13b0ca9f4d626af0d0d (MD5) manifest.xml: 5350 bytes, checksum: f24f5aea243689f5db20fe93ea095c45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (April 20, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f16-0420udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 1004 bytes, checksum: 516f088835119687ff219ec48702b481 (MD5) b01f16-0420utext.txt.txt: 1007 bytes, checksum: 143103cc6f08724eafea373af2b6eb09 (MD5) b01f16-0420utext.txt: 1060 bytes, checksum: 177deb5f230c092fd035c03e8c778c7f (MD5) b01f16-0420udisplay.pdf.txt: 1097 bytes, checksum: e31cae3d80af28ee0e6cc4a661da40ef (MD5) b01f16-0420udisplay.pdf: 53806 bytes, checksum: cb017583c735f7179c49a47f54835602 (MD5) b01f16-0420u-01master.tif: 3162624 bytes, checksum: 7ba29d2a60433ea0b4dc5edbcc67c73d (MD5) manifest.xml: 5308 bytes, checksum: 16984fe02f6efb9bb9ded406235dc6e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Special Washington Merry-Go-Round to New Jersey papers only (May 1, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:21:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f16-0501udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 1213 bytes, checksum: 5a07d7c91ba59c3aace4b619b79e0f93 (MD5) b01f16-0501utext.txt.txt: 1217 bytes, checksum: 37a75bdfe5c8d053f7d5b98bad23d071 (MD5) b01f16-0501utext.txt: 1285 bytes, checksum: b84ca58fd42309031155749ad341f0b8 (MD5) b01f16-0501udisplay.pdf.txt: 1353 bytes, checksum: bbe36709808ee95156832f153d882bbb (MD5) b01f16-0501udisplay.pdf: 64759 bytes, checksum: f6b23354708b7adf241e5fe4669adb4f (MD5) b01f16-0501u-01master.tif: 4799636 bytes, checksum: 02ebd9faeb729d18e20ca8cc1a24a01f (MD5) manifest.xml: 5349 bytes, checksum: d6e0d7708af7c9959afc036c4ac56140 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12

: Note to Editors (May 9, 1935?); Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-31T23:19:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 7 b01f16-0509udisplay.pdf.txt.txt: 396 bytes, checksum: 81e449d2b6a78d2f677d37ab0d35a963 (MD5) b01f16-0509utext.txt.txt: 398 bytes, checksum: e3c1920a2e4725055e2ae547ea0513f2 (MD5) b01f16-0509utext.txt: 425 bytes, checksum: 6886c67cbe62a58f49fdac060c1f1ff3 (MD5) b01f16-0509udisplay.pdf.txt: 429 bytes, checksum: 3ce32a3b1bdacaaa18afe5c361b288c7 (MD5) b01f16-0509udisplay.pdf: 28273 bytes, checksum: 370dba5a8cc31f1b0cfb091096215386 (MD5) b01f16-0509u-01master.tif: 2686032 bytes, checksum: a6ec564394e36fb22ddf29522274da07 (MD5) manifest.xml: 5305 bytes, checksum: 2804cb2b64dd8dd42037168a04c2273d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-12